Search results for "Economy"
showing 10 items of 2131 documents
Regional Policy Lessons from Finland
2005
The Finnish economy and society has long been dominated by primary production. Post-war economic development was rapid and welfare gaps between the much more developed economies and Finland narrowed and were even partly reversed. Rapid economic expansion together with structural change has had the effect of centralizing both economic activity and population. The trend has been towards the southern and central regions where the metropolitan area of Helsinki and most of the other larger towns and urban centres are located. Together with vigorous technological progress in agriculture and forestry the rapid urbanization and industrialization of the 1960s and 1970s the fastest in Europe altered …
O rozwoju polszczyzny na Ziemiach Zachodnich i Północnych. Kierunki Badań
2018
This is a review article. The author discusses the social and cultural bases of language changes caused by post-war migrational movement, resettlement of populations and social and structural transformations. The article categorises the populations which settled the Western and Northern Territories in demographic, cultural and linguistic terms. This highlights the situation of the indigenous population and its role in the process of integration. The article analyses the causes and determinants of the changes which were nationwide, local and individual character. It touches on the issue of the definition of the term “linguistic integration” and the evolution of this concept. The article pr…
Baltijos trynukai? Emigracija, migracija ir atsakas krizei
2021
Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama migracijos ir ekonominio vystymosi sankirta, kaip viena aktualiausių problemų, su kuriomis susiduria Baltijos šalys. Pasinaudojus empirine prieiga, lyginami vyriausybių veiksmai esant ekonominei 2008 metų krizei. Straipsnyje analizuojama, kaip jie išryškėjo socioekonominę dinamiką atskleidžiančioje statistikoje. Tyrime taikomi lyginamosios statistikos ir antrinių duomenų analizės metodai. Visos trys valstybės patiria panašių ateities iššūkių: visuomenės senėjimas ir gyventojų skaičiaus mažėjimas, tuo tarpu emigrantų sugrįžimas matomas kaip viena iš priemonių, galinčių padėti šias problemas spręsti. Estijoje vykstantys procesai leidžia manyti, kad jos Vyriausybe…
Agricultural Policy and the Struggle over the Destiny of Collective Farms in Estonia
1999
The principal goal of several Estonian governments has been the privatization of agriculture, replacing large collective farms with western family farms. This has happened despite a clear majority of kolkhoz and sovkhoz workers who favoured preserving the system of large-scale farms. The abstract restitutionalist and ultra-liberalist ideas became a fixed dogma, unconnected with resolving immediate pragmatic problems, because government policy was not articulated with the interests of the agricultural population. Nevertheless, the large-scale system has been partially preserved thanks to the resistance of the rural population. In many respects the outcome of decollectivization also depended …
Eco-efficiency assessment of municipal solid waste services: Influence of exogenous variables.
2020
Abstract Improving the eco-efficiency of municipalities in the provision of municipal solid waste (MSW) services is fundamental in the context of a circular economy. This study evaluates the eco-efficiency of a sample of Spanish municipalities, integrating the total cost as input, recyclable waste as desirable output, and unsorted waste as undesirable output. Following a pioneering approach, the weighted Russell directional distance model (a non-radial data envelopment analysis model) was employed, which allowed us to obtain a global inefficiency score and individual inefficiency scores for each variable integrated in the model. In the second stage of analysis, the potential factors affecti…
Celebrating Multiculturalism: European Multicultural Media Initiatives as Anti-Racist Practices
2017
Looking back on 20 years of European media policy, which reflects issues of ethnic minorities and immigrants there are significant developments in both policy and implementation. The recent European initiatives to increase cultural diversity in the media at a high institutional level stress that ethnic minorities and new immigrants should get access to both the screen and the newsroom. The increased policies and activity in this domain are a result of the perceived threat of the non-integration of the minority population in Europe. Signs of “lack of social cohesion” are interpreted from key events that have been heavily aired in the media: disturbances in French suburbs, the Danish cartoon …
Kyrgyzstan: Language Situation
2006
Kyrgyzstan is a Central Asian country that achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Its main linguistic groups are speakers of Kirghiz, Uzbek, and Russian; its official languages are Kirghiz and Russian. In the first years of independence, numerous non-Kirghiz speakers, particularly Russians, left the republic, whereas the Kirghiz-speaking population increased. Though Russian still dominates public life, the efforts to protect and promote Kirghiz have been successful. The Kirghiz generally maintain a high degree of mastery of their language. The part of the Ferghana Valley that belongs to Kyrgyzstan has a predominantly Uzbek population.
Bargaining for the Spoils of War: Somalia’s Failing Path from War to Peace
2014
ABSTRACTFor more than 20 years, Somalia has experienced state failure. Today, radical political Islam and groups such as al-Shabab with links to al-Qaida are gaining ground. The current federal government is failing to provide public goods, such as security, education, and health, to the population it claims to represent. To date, more than a dozen peace negotiations to end this conflict have failed. The objective of this article is to shed light on why past peace processes have failed. The study of the Mbagathi peace process that preceded the United Nations–led Djibouti peace process can help to better understand the current political stalemate and conflict in Somalia. Moreover, some of th…
Effectiveness and Efficiency of Social Economy Organizations
2016
The social economy is a sector that contributes significantly to job creation, sustainable development and income generation as well as equitable distribution of wealth. It is a sector capable of combining profitability with social inclusion within the system of democratic governance, work in the public and private sectors as adjustment of service provision to social needs. Within the social economy there are many different organizations that are usually referred to as social enterprises. SE as a specific mechanism for delivery of goods and services within the existing socio-economic system may not disregard the effectiveness and efficiency. The relationships between effectiveness and effic…
Yield and efficiency of the financial organizations of social economy in Spain
2009
Las entidades financieras de la Economía Social en España (cajas de ahorros, cooperativas de crédito y secciones de crédito de cooperativas), a la vez que mantienen su carácter social diferenciador, necesitan mejorar sus niveles de eficiencia. El objetivo principal es realizar un análisis comparativo de la rentabilidad y la eficiencia de estas entidades, atendiendo a diversos indicadores, durante el período 2002-2007. La metodología ha consistido en la realización de un estudio empírico basado en el tratamiento estadístico de sus estados contables, a través de las estadísticas oficiales del Banco de España y los resultados obtenidos de un trabajo de campo mediante cuestionario. El análisis …