Search results for "Economy"
showing 10 items of 2131 documents
Competing institutional logics in Soviet industrial location policy
2018
The Soviet legacy has been widely demonstrated to have had negative impacts on the regional and economic development of Russia. This article studies the mechanisms of competing institutional logics in Soviet industrial location policies as a source of this adverse heritage. The results indicate that prolonged competition between three institutional logics complicated the adoption and practice of consistent industrial location strategies and contributed to structural problems in economic geography. An analysis of Soviet institutional logics demonstrates parallel forms of competition and coexistence with findings from other institutional environments, paving the way for a broader theoretical …
Is there a Nordic model of final disposal of spent nuclear fuel? Governance insights from Finland and Sweden
2017
This paper explores citizen participation in Swedish and Finnish regulatory processes for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Finland and Sweden are considered the most advanced worldwide in term of SNF disposal plans. Our aim is to analyze the institutional waste management frameworks, focusing on the role of civil society organizations (CSOs); how lay-people and civil society organizations have been able to participate and contribute to radioactive waste licensing processes; and the nature of radioactive waste risk debates. We review official documents of the waste companies and nuclear safety authorities, plus information from civil society organizations and laypeople. Our theore…
A moral economy of patents: case of Finnish research universities' patent policies
2013
The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of the concept of moral economy for higher education studies through a study of Finnish research universities' patent policies. Patent policies not only stimulate the commercialization of research, they also set norms for behavior and aim to clarify how to distribute rights and responsibilities during the commercialization of research results. My main research finding is that even though institutionalized university patenting is a very recent phenomenon in Finland, policies regulating it have significant similarities to the US case. The main conclusion of this paper is that the question of university patent policies should…
Enterprising Culture : Discourses on Entrepreneurship in Nordic Cultural Policy
2017
ABSTRACTThe sphere of arts and culture has been going through a process of economic reevaluation during the last few decades. Parallel to the rise of a creative economy discourse, which both in its political and scientific forms has highlighted the economic significance of culture and arts, entrepreneurship has become a feature in the cultural policy of many countries. In this article, we compare how entrepreneurship is established and used as a concept in cultural policy discourses in two Nordic countries, Norway and Finland. Through analyzing policy plans and documents, we discuss what is seen as positive cultural or artistic activity in the framework of entrepreneurship, and we identify …
Industrial Citizenship, Cosmopolitanism and European Integration
2014
Abstract. There has been an explosion of interest in the idea of European Union citizenship in recent years, as a defining example of postnational cosmopolitan citizenship potentially replacing, or at least layered on top of national citizenships. We argue this form of EU citizenship undermines industrial citizenship, which is a crucial support for the egalitarianism and social solidarity on which other types of citizenship are based. Because industrial citizenship arises from collectivities based in class identities and national institutions, it depends on the nation state erritorial order and the social closure inherent in this. EU citizenship in its current ‘postnational’ form is realize…
Harnessing Women’s Potential as a Soft Engine for Growth : Lessons from Contrasting Trajectories between Finland and Japan for Growing Economies
2017
Harnessing the vigor of women’s potential is essential for inclusive economic growth in a digital economy moving toward aging society. This can be a soft engine for sustainable growth substitutable for costly hard investment. While there exists explicit evidence of a virtual cycle between economic growth and gender balance improvement, emerging countries cannot afford to overcome the constraints of low income. Given the foregoing, this paper analyzed possible co-evolution between economic growth, gender balance improvement and digital innovation initiated by information and communication technology (ICT) advancement. Using a unique dataset representing the state of gender balance improvemen…
"-society is changing and, if divorce is introduced, it will merely be a reflection of those changing values in our society-" : the changes in percep…
2017
Vuonna 1995 Irlannin tasavallan hallitus päätti pitää jo toistamiseen kansanäänestyksen avioeron laillistamisesta. Ensimmäistä kertaa kansanäänestys oli pidetty asian tiimoilta vuonna 1986. Tällöin lakiehdotus ei mennyt läpi yli 60 % äänestäessä sitä vastaan. Vuonna 1995 tilanne oli kuitenkin toinen, ja lakiehdotus meni läpi vajaalla 9 000 äänellä. Irlanti oli ollut hyvin konservatiivinen valtio, jonka perustuslaki oli taannut valtion suojelevan perhettä yhteiskunnan tärkeimpänä instituutiona. Tämä johtui valtion ja katolilaisen kirkon hyvin tiiviistä suhteesta. Katolilainen kirkko oli varmistanut asemansa Irlannissa vuonna 1937, jolloin sen erikoisasema kirjattiin perustuslakiin. Tätä ei m…
Interpreting wind damage risk-how multifunctional forest management impacts standing timber at risk of wind felling
2022
AbstractLandscape multifunctionality, a widely accepted challenge for boreal forests, aims to simultaneously provide timber, non-timber ecosystem services, and shelter for biodiversity. However, multifunctionality requires the use of novel forest management regimes optimally combined over the landscape, and an increased share of sets asides. It remains unclear how this combination will shape stand vulnerability to wind disturbances and exposed timber volume. We combined forest growth simulations and multi-objective optimization to create alternative landscape level forest management scenarios. Management choices were restricted to 1) rotation forestry, 2) continuous cover forestry, and 3) a…
Ražošanas robežas un kārtība: Amatnieciskās mājas vīna darīšanas Latvijā gadījumu izpēte
2015
Pētījums „Ražošanas robežas un kārtība: Amatnieciskās mājas vīna ražošanas Latvijā gadījumu izpēte” fokusējas uz „formālajā tirgus daļā” ieejošo vīndaru pieredzi. Kvalitatīvās metodes ir pielietotas, lai analizētu, kā viņi pieņem, pielāgo vai apstrīd normatīvo regulējumu un pieņēmumus par to, kas ir Latvijas vīns un kā tam vajadzētu tikt ražotam un izplatītam konkrēta tirgus sektora ietvarā post-industriālajā ekonomikā. Analīze rāda, ka vīndari neuztver normatīvo regulējumu kā apgrūtinājumu, bet gan gūst baudu un lepnumu no spējas radīt savu vīnu tā kontekstā un caur to, radot augstas kvalitātes amatniecības produktu, ko iekāro patērētāji. Analīze rāda arī, ka, lai gan ražošanas investīcija…
A different role of taxation. Using fiscal leverage as an incentive to foster regeneration of common goods and improve the performance of public gove…
2019
The paper analysis the possibility of using fiscal leverage as an incentive to foster policy of regeneration of common goods. Regeneration of urban goods and spaces not only shows some points in common with the so-called circular economy, but – trough the role played by private citizens who, by substituting or collaborating with public administrations, participate in reuse of goods and urban spaces – may also be considered as an efficient example of public and private cooperation, aiming to improve the level of well-being of the community. Thus, it may be argued that regeneration and taxation have an, at least partially, coinciding aim. Both pursue a general interest: regeneration in a most…