Search results for "Edaphic"
showing 10 items of 31 documents
Rising temperature modulates pH niches of fen species
2021
Rising temperatures may endanger fragile ecosystems because their character and key species show different habitat affinities under different climates. This assumption has only been tested in limited geographical scales. In fens, one of the most endangered ecosystems in Europe, broader pH niches have been reported from cold areas and are expected for colder past periods. We used the largest European-scale vegetation database from fens to test the hypothesis that pH interacts with macroclimate temperature in forming realized niches of fen moss and vascular plant species. We calibrated the data set (29,885 plots after heterogeneity-constrained resampling) with temperature, using two macroclim…
Secondary metabolites and eco-friendly techniques for agricultural weed/pest management
2021
In agro-ecosystems, pests (insects, weeds, and other plant’s parasites) compete with crops for edaphic resources, negatively affecting quality and crop yields [1]. Nowadays, synthetic pesticides, easy to apply and accessible to farmers, are the most common and effective methods for pest management [2]. Nevertheless, the negative impact of these chemicals on the environment, human health, and the development of herbicides/pesticides-resistance are shifting the attention to alternative pest control technologies based on natural compounds [3–6]. Therefore, new eco-friendly agronomic techniques and the use of natural or natural-like molecules might represent a valid alternative strategy for pes…
Combining palaeodistribution modelling and phylogeographical approaches for identifying glacial refugia in AlpinePrimula
2013
Aim We investigated the late Quaternary history of two closely related and partly sympatric species of Primula from the south-western European Alps, P. marginata Curtis and P. latifolia Lapeyr., by combining phylogeographical and palaeodistribution modelling approaches. In particular, we were interested in whether the two approaches were congruent and identified the same glacial refugia. Location South-western European Alps. Methods For the phylogeographical analysis we included 352 individuals from 28 populations of P. marginata and 172 individuals from 15 populations of P. latifolia and used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). For palaeodistribution modelling, species distrib…
An assessment of the floristic composition, structure and possible origin of a liana forest in the Guayana Shield
2015
Liana is a life form that possess high importance in many neotropical forests. Density of climbers apparently increases with the intervention rate (eg. logging). The aim of this work is to characterize the structure, floristic composition and soils of a sector classified as Liana Forest (LF). We identified a LF sector in a not-logged area; three 1 ha square plots were measured (individuals ≥ 10 cm dbh, “diameter at breast height”). In each plot we evaluate four 100 m2 square understory sub-plots (all spermatophyta individuals < 10 cm dbh). LF has a low canopy (< 15 m) and is dominated by Alexa imperatricis and Pentaclethra macroloba. Basal area (20.4 m2ha-1) and diversity (H´= 2.6) ar…
Reciprocal extrapolation of species distribution models between two islands – Specialists perform better than generalists and geological data reduces…
2020
Abstract This study aims to test the extrapolation effects of species distribution models (SDM) using three groups of predictor variables: climate, relief and geology (bedrock type). We highlight potential ecological differences for selected taxa, regarding both generalists and specialists in terms of edaphic conditions. We used distributional data of 12 woody species shared by two large Mediterranean islands (Crete and Sicily) to calibrate Maxent models of their potential distribution. We trained models with data from Crete and extrapolated to Sicily and vice versa. We tested ten proxies for the three variable groups and compared AUC values as a measure of model performance. Extrapolation …
A formal classification of the Lygeum spartum vegetation of the Mediterranean Region
2019
Aims: We examined all available literature and some unpublished data on the We examined all available literature and some unpublished data on the grasslands dominated by Lygeum spartum from Southern Europe and North Africa to produce a formalised classification of this vegetation and to identify the main factors determining its plant species composition. Location: Mediterranean Basin and Iberian Peninsula. Methods: We used a dataset of 728 releves, which were resampled to reduce unbalanced sampling effort, resulting in a dataset of 568 releves and 846 taxa. We classified the plots by TWINSPAN, interpreted the resulting pools, and used them to develop formal definitions of phytosociological …
Áreas y suelos: El tamaño de los yacimientos de superficie. Una propuesta metodológica
2011
En los estudios sobre el patrón de asentamiento y en los análisis del territorio, la variable"tamaño" del asentamiento juega un papel importante. Considerada como"proxy" de la población, no siempre resulta fácil de calcular en ausencia de estructuras arqueológicas construidas: aterrazamientos o fortificaciones. En este trabajo se presenta una aproximación al cálculo de dicha variable en los asentamientos de superficie caracterizados simplemente por la dispersión de materiales, que toma como punto de partida la correlación entre aquélla y la presencia de los horizontes edáficos ah. La reciprocidad positiva de ambos factores permite sugerir diversas hipótesis sobre la relación entre la formac…
Campodeidae (Hexapoda: Diplura) from Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, with the description of a remarkable new genus and species
2021
Samples collected in Central Asia, Kyrgyzstan, have revealed a hitherto unknown diversity of Campodeidae (Diplura) in soil and cave habitats, including a new genus and species, Kyrgyzstancampa sanare Sendra & Ferreira gen. et sp. nov., Turkmenocampa edaphica Sendra & Sánchez-García sp. nov. and a previously recognized soil-dwelling species, Campodea (Dicampa) catalana Denis, 1930. Kyrgyzstancampa sanare Sendra & Ferreira gen. et sp. nov. was collected in the deep zone of an interesting geological and cultural cave, Ak-Turpak Cave, located near the western margin of Kadamjay District, Batken Province. This genus belongs to the subfamily Campodeinae, sharing the morphology of the …
The evolution of substrate differentiation inMinuartiaseriesLaricifoliae(Caryophyllaceae) in the European Alps: In situ origin or repeated colonizati…
2013
Premise of the study Substrate specialization is often considered an important factor in evolutionary diversification. A classic example of divergence related to different substrate types is the dichotomy between calcicole and calcifuge plants on calcareous and siliceous substrates as found in the European Alps. When closely related species with contrasting substrate preferences are found in the same area, it is generally hypothesized that they diverged where they now occur. However, it is possible that Alpine edaphic diversity instead allows the coexistence of related species whose edaphic differentiation took place deeper in the phylogeny, in some other part of the range of their clades. …
Environmental effects on molecular and phenotypic variation in populations of Eruca sativa across a steep climatic gradient
2013
Abstract In Israel Eruca sativa has a geographically narrow distribution across a steep climatic gradient that ranges from mesic Mediterranean to hot desert environments. These conditions offer an opportunity to study the influence of the environment on intraspecific genetic variation. For this, we combined an analysis of neutral genetic markers with a phenotypic evaluation in common-garden experiments, and environmental characterization of populations that included climatic and edaphic parameters, as well as geographic distribution. A Bayesian clustering of individuals from nine representative populations based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) divided the populations into a…