Search results for "Editoria"

Argullol a vueltas con la opinión pública

2007

Beyond the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic: opportunities to optimize clinical trial implementation in oncology.

2021

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic affected millions of people globally with lasting effects on society, patients, investigators and health institutions. Clinical trials, our best tool to improve cancer treatment for patients through testing the clinical value of a new treatment, have been affected by the pandemic. The pandemic footprint represents both a risk of compromising development of new therapies and an opportunity to elicit discussion over a portfolio of broader reforms, applicable irrespective of pandemics, in order to improve the design and implementation of clinical trials in oncology. The administrative load should be reduced, without affecting the quality of research and principle…

Genetic variation at 9p22.2 and ovarian cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

2011

[Background]: Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with increased risks of breast and ovarian cancers. Although several common variants have been associated with breast cancer susceptibility in mutation carriers, none have been associated with ovarian cancer susceptibility. A genome-wide association study recently identified an association between the rare allele of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3814113 (ie, the C allele) at 9p22.2 and decreased risk of ovarian cancer for women in the general population. We evaluated the association of this SNP with ovarian cancer risk among BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers by use of data from the Consortium of Investi…

The EndoPredict score provides prognostic information on late distant metastases in ER+/HER2− breast cancer patients

2013

Background: ER þ/HER2 � breast cancers have a proclivity for late recurrence. A personalised estimate of relapse risk after 5 years of endocrine treatment can improve patient selection for extended hormonal therapy. Methods: A total of 1702 postmenopausal ER þ/HER2 � breast cancer patients from two adjuvant phase III trials (ABCSG6, ABCSG8) treated with 5 years of endocrine therapy participated in this study. The multigene test EndoPredict (EP) and the EPclin score (which combines EP with tumour size and nodal status) were predefined in independent training cohorts. All patients were retrospectively assigned to risk categories based on gene expression and on clinical parameters. The primary…

Shortening adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer: are we ready for a change?

2018

Oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy for 6 months is considered the standard of care after a curative resection in patients with stage III colon cancer. The addition of oxaliplatin provides a benefit on overall survival confirmed in three randomised phase 3 trials1–3 with an long-term absolute increase ranging from 2.7% to 6%. Since oxaliplatin was incorporated into the adjuvant setting more than a decade ago, the standard in adjuvant therapy has remained unchanged because of the lack of novel agents with relevant activity in this scenario. Unfortunately, this combination can have also acute and long-term side effects that can interfere with daily life activities in potentially cured pat…

Maintenance with single agent bevacizumab fails to improve disease-control in metastatic colorectal cancer

2018

The availability of biologicals, such as anti-EFGR and anti-VEGF antibodies in combination with chemotherapy (ChT), has improved prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the administration of drug combinations for a prolonged time implies an increased rate of toxicities, which is why some strategies to de-escalate treatment intensity have been studied.

Nonmetastatic Medulloblastoma of Early Childhood: Results From the Prospective Clinical Trial HIT-2000 and An Extended Validation Cohort

2020

PURPOSE The HIT-2000-BIS4 trial aimed to avoid highly detrimental craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in children < 4 years of age with nonmetastatic medulloblastoma by systemic chemotherapy, intraventricular methotrexate, and risk-adapted local radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2001-2011, 87 patients received systemic chemotherapy and intraventricular methotrexate. Until 2006, CSI was reserved for nonresponse or progression. After 2006, local radiotherapy was introduced for nonresponders or patients with classic medulloblastoma (CMB) or large-cell/anaplastic medulloblastoma (LCA). DNA methylation profiles of infantile sonic hedgehog-activated medulloblastoma (SHH-INF) were subdivided i…

Second line systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: Reasons for the failure

2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main cause of death in patients with cirrhosis, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Sorafenib is the choice therapy for advanced HCC. Over time several randomized phase III trials have been performed testing sunitinib, brivanib, linifanib and other molecules in head-to-head comparison with Sorafenib as first-line treatment for advanced-stage HCC, but none of these has so far been registered in this setting. Moreover, another feared vacuum arises from the absence of molecules registered as second-line therapy for patients who have failed Sorafenib, representing an urgent unmet medical need. To date all molecules tested as second-line therapies for ad…

Multidisciplinary management of gastric and gastroesophageal cancers

2008

Carcinomas of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction are among the five top leading cancer types worldwide. In spite of radical surgical R0 resections being the basis of cure of gastric cancer, surgery alone provides long-term survival in only 30% of patients with advanced International Union Against Cancer (UICC) stages in Western countries because of the high risk of recurrence and metachronous metastases. However, recent large phase-III studies improved the diagnostic and therapeutic options in gastric cancers, indicating a more multidisciplinary management of the disease. Multimodal strategies combining different neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant protocols have clearly improved the gastric…

Transplantation in follicular lymphoma: not "yes or no" but "whom and when".

2013

After years of debate, the question as to what is the optimal use of transplantation strategies in indolent lymphoma remains controversial. In the July issue of Haematologica, a study was published by the EBMT Lymphoma Working Party that aims to define indications for hematopoietic stem cell