Search results for "Effects"
showing 10 items of 2634 documents
Drug Susceptibility Patterns in MDR-TB Patients: Challenges for Future Regimen Design. A Cross-Sectional Study
2015
Globally, there is substantial concern regarding the challenges of treating complex drug resistance patterns in multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases. Utilising data from three different settings (Estonia, Latvia, Romania) we sought to contrast drug susceptibility profiles for multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases, highlight the difficulties in designing universal regimen, and inform future regimen selection. Demographic and microbiological surveillance data for multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases from 2004-13 were analysed. High levels of additional resistance to currently recommended second line drugs were seen in all settings, with extensive variability between countries. Accurate d…
Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead
2015
Goodson, William H. et al.
In human retinoblastoma Y79 cells okadaic acid-parthenolide co-treatment induces synergistic apoptotic effects, with PTEN as a key player.
2013
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood. In developing countries, treatment is limited, long-term survival rates are low and current chemotherapy causes significant morbidity to pediatric patients and significantly limits dosing. Therefore there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical outcome of patients with retinoblastoma. here, we investigated the effects of two natural compounds okadaic acid (OKa) and parthenolide (PN) on human retinoblastoma Y79 cells. For the first time we showed that OKa/PN combination at subtoxic doses induces potent synergistic apoptotic effects accompanied by lowering in p-akt levels, increasin…
Recurrences following treatment of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
2021
Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis was made of the incidence of recurrences in patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia subjected to different types of treatment. Methods The study was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. A literature search was made in the Medline (PubMed), EMBASE and Web of Science databases, together with a manual search, covering the period from 1985 to January 2020, with no language restrictions. Studies were included if they described treatments applied to at least 10 patients with the corresponding outcomes. Methodological quality was evaluated using Jadad sca…
Patterns of Carbon-Bound Exogenous Compounds in Patients with Lung Cancer and Association with Disease Pathophysiology.
2021
Abstract Asymptomatic anthracosis is the accumulation of black carbon particles in adult human lungs. It is a common occurrence, but the pathophysiologic significance of anthracosis is debatable. Using in situ high mass resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry imaging analysis, we discovered noxious carbon-bound exogenous compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), tobacco-specific nitrosamines, or aromatic amines, in a series of 330 patients with lung cancer in highly variable and unique patterns. The characteristic nature of carbon-bound exogenous compounds had a strong association wi…
Identification of Risk Loci for Radiotoxicity in Prostate Cancer by Comprehensive Genotyping of
2021
Simple Summary Genetic variability in transforming growth factor beta pathway (TGFB) has been reported to affect adverse events in radiotherapy. We investigated 40 germline polymorphisms in peripheral blood cells, covering the entire common genetic variability in the TGFβ1 ligand (gene TGFB1) and the TGFβ receptor-1 (TGFBR1) in 240 patients treated with primary radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were used to assess whether TGFB1 and TGFBR1 polymorphisms impact DNA repair capacity following single irradiation with 3 Gy. Upon adjustment for multiplicity testing, for one polymorphism (rs10512263 in TGFBR1, C-variant allele, n = 35), a statistically signifi…
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure in patients with lymphoma: 1-year follow-up of a pr…
2013
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in preventing chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure in patients treated for Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma within the setting of a multicenter, randomized, prospective trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients age 18 to 45 years were randomly assigned to receive either the GnRHa triptorelin plus norethisterone (GnRHa group) or norethisterone alone (control group) concomitantly with alkylating agents containing chemotherapy. The primary end point was the premature ovarian failure (POF) rate (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] ≥ 40 IU/L) after 1 year of follow-up. Results Eighty-four of 129 randomly assigned patients …
Childhood cancer:Survival, treatment modalities, late effects and improvements over time
2021
Since the 1960s, paediatric oncologists have gradually become better organised in large study groups and participation in clinical trials is today considered as the standard of care, with most children with cancer in Europe and North America being enrolled on available treatment protocols. Chemotherapy is nowadays the main element of therapy, but irradiation is still required for some patients. With the advent of multimodality therapy and supportive care, five-year cancer survival exceeds 80 % in most European and North American countries today. The substantial improvements in survival led to a constantly growing population of childhood cancer survivors. Concerns regarding the risk of late …
Theoretical Study of Primary Reaction of Pseudozyma antarctica Lipase B as the Starting Point To Understand Its Promiscuity
2014
Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B (PALB) is a serine hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters in aqueous medium but it has also shown catalytic activity for a plethora of reactions. This promiscuous activity has found widespread applications. In the present paper, the primary reaction of PALB, its native hydrolytic activity, has been studied using hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potentials. Free energy surfaces, obtained from QM/MM Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, show that the reaction takes place by means of a multi-step mechanism where the first step, the activation of the carbonyl group of the substrate and the nucleophilic attack of Ser1…
Cannabinoid-associated cell death mechanisms in tumor models (review)
2012
In recent years, cannabinoids (the active components of Cannabis sativa) and their derivatives have received considerable interest due to findings that they can affect the viability and invasiveness of a variety of different cancer cells. Moreover, in addition to their inhibitory effects on tumor growth and migration, angiogenesis and metastasis, the ability of these compounds to induce different pathways of cell death has been highlighted. Here, we review the most recent results generating interest in the field of death mechanisms induced by cannabinoids in cancer cells. In particular, we analyze the pathways triggered by cannabinoids to induce apoptosis or autophagy and investigate the in…