Search results for "Ekologi"

No room for males in caves : Female‐biased sex ratio in subterranean amphipods of the genus Niphargus

2021

Sex allocation theory predicts that the proportion of daughters to sons will evolve in response to ecological conditions that determine the costs and benefits of producing each sex. All else being equal, the adult sex ratio (ASR) should also vary with ecological conditions. Many studies of subterranean species reported female-biased ASR, but no systematic study has yet been conducted. We test the hypothesis that the ASR becomes more female-biased with increased isolation from the surface. We compiled a dataset of ASRs of 35 species in the subterranean amphipod Niphargus, each living in one of three distinct habitats (surface-subterranean boundary, cave streams, phreatic lakes) representing …

Ecological and evolutionary consequences of selective interspecific information use

2023

Recent work has shown that animals frequently use social information from individuals of their own species as well as from other species; however, the ecological and evolutionary consequences of this social information use remain poorly understood. Additionally, information users may be selective in their social information use, deciding from whom and how to use information, but this has been overlooked in an interspecific context. In particular, the intentional decision to reject a behaviour observed via social information has received less attention, although recent work has indicated its presence in various taxa. Based on existing literature, we explore in which circumstances selective i…

Chrząszcze (Coleoptera) Suwalskiego Parku Krajobrazowego: monografia

2020

The beetles of the Suwalski Landscape Park (NE Poland) were studied between the years 2006−2013. The park covers an area of 6338 ha. Various field methods were used including sweep netting, dip netting, catching by hand, investigation of potential foraging sites of saproxylic beetles, rearing of cambio- and xylophagous larvae from inhabited material and attracting to artificial light sources. On the basis of our field studies and literature data, 1052 beetle species from 70 families were recorded, of which 715 have not been previously reported in the Park. One species – Variimorda briantea – is new to the Masurian Lake Region. The most numerous families were: rove beetles Staphylinidae (208…

Stable isotopes in monitoring terrestrial arthropods

2022

Monitoring of arthropods focuses typically on changes in population and range size over time. Yet, there are a myriad of other aspects that could and should be monitored under the ongoing global and local environmental change. Stable isotope analysis, widely employed in short-term ecological studies, has potential in long-term monitoring of arthropods. Here we discuss the use of stable isotopes in monitoring terrestrial arthropods, provide some empirical examples of the use of bulk tissue samples in stable isotope analysis, and outline future directions in using compound-specific stable isotope analysis in monitoring. We performed a literature search for 2012–2021 to see if stable isotopes …

Interactions and patterns between species diversity and genetic diversity

2015

Global warming, forest biodiversity and conservation strategies in boreal landscapes

2014

A synthesis of deimatic behaviour

2022

Deimatic behaviours, also referred to as startle behaviours, are used against predators and rivals. Although many are spectacular, their proximate and ultimate causes remain unclear. In this review we aim to synthesise what is known about deimatic behaviour and identify knowledge gaps. We propose a working hypothesis for deimatic behaviour, and discuss the available evidence for the evolution, ontogeny, causation, and survival value of deimatic behaviour using Tinbergen's Four Questions as a framework. Our overarching aim is to direct future research by suggesting ways to address the most pressing questions in this field. peerReviewed

Emissions of atmospherically reactive gases nitrous acid and nitric oxide from Arctic permafrost peatlands

2022

Soils are important sources of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO) in the atmosphere. These nitrogen (N)-containing gases play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry and climate at different scales because of reactions modulated by NO and hydroxyl radicals (OH), which are formed via HONO photolysis. Northern permafrost soils have so far remained unexplored for HONO and NO emissions despite their high N stocks, capacity to emit nitrous oxide (N2O), and enhancing mineral N turnover due to warming and permafrost thawing. Here, we report the first HONO and NO emissions from high-latitude soils based on measurements of permafrost-affected subarctic peatlands. We show large HONO (0.1–2.4 µ…

Are there plenty of fish in the sea? How life history traits affect the eco-evolutionary consequences of population oscillations

2022

Understanding fish population oscillations is important for both fundamental population biology and for fisheries science. Much research has focused on the causes of population oscillations, but the eco-evolutionary consequences of population oscillations are unclear. Here, we used an empirically parametrised individual-based simulation model to explore the consequences of oscillations with different amplitudes and wavelengths. We show that oscillations with a wavelength shorter than the maximum lifespan of the fish produce marked differences in the evolutionary trajectories of asymptotic length. Wavelengths longer than the maximum lifespan of the fish, in turn, mainly manifest as ecologica…

United by the same concern. Ecumenical impulses of Pope Francis in the context of integral ecology

2020

Jednym z istotnych zadań Kościoła w porządku doczesnym jest troska o dzieło stworzenia i samego człowieka, a czasami wręcz obrona ludzkości przed zagrożeniami, wyzwolonego od jakichkolwiek odniesień etyczno-moralnych, postępu technicznego. Troska o wspólny dom nie jest tyko domeną Kościoła katolickiego, również inne kościoły i wspólnoty chrześcijańskie – podobnie jak i inne religie, dokonują refleksji nad zagadnieniami związanymi z degradacją środowiska ludzkiego i naturalnego (LS, 7). Celem artykułu jest próba dostrzeżenia i analizy ekumenicznych impulsów papieża Franciszka w kontekście całościowej ekologii, uwzgledniającej wzajemne powiązania różnych wymiarów rzeczywistości. Dlatego w tra…