Search results for "Elasticity"
showing 10 items of 736 documents
Excessive vs. insufficient entry in spatial models: When product design and market size matter
2020
Abstract Under spatial product differentiation and product design, we identify conditions for either excessive or insufficient firm entry. We extend previous settings, based on the Salop circular model, to analyze the combined role of positive demand elasticity and endogenous targeted product design. First, we show that, given the number of firms, the equilibrium level of targeted design is either excessive or insufficient, depending on demand elasticity. Second, with free entry, we show that the degree of targeted product design increases with the relative market size and decreases with demand elasticity. Based on these effects, the interplay between demand elasticity and market size yield…
Dealing with Product Similarity in Conjoint Simulations
2001
One of the reasons conjoint analysis has been so popular as a management decision tool has been the availability of a choice simulator. These simulators often arrive in the form of a software or spreadsheet program accompanying the output of a conjoint study. These simulators enable managers to perform ‘what if’ questions about their market—estimating market shares under various assumptions about competition and their own offerings. As examples, simulators can predict the market share of a new offering; they can estimate the direct and cross elasticity of price changes within a market, or they can form the logical guide to strategic simulations that anticipate short- and long-term competiti…
Gains from Trade and Efficiency under Monopolistic Competition: A Variable Elasticity Case
2006
We present a general equilibrium model of monopolistic competition with variable demand elasticities and investigate the impact of free trade on welfare and efficiency. First, contrary to the constant elasticity case, in which all gains from trade are due to increasing product diversity, our model features gains from pro-competitive effects. Second, we prove that the market outcome is not efficient because too many firms operate at an inefficiently small scale. Last, we illustrate that free trade raises efficiency by reducing the gap between the equilibrium utility and the optimal utility.
Validation of the mass response of a quartz crystal microbalance coated with Prussian Blue film for ac electrogravimetry
2000
Prussian Blue (PB) films have been considerably studied for many research applications such as electrochromic material development, new material for batteries, etc. Many analytical techniques were employed for examining PB electrochemical behaviour in solution and the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) used in the alternative regime (ac electrogravimetry) appeared as an attractive in situ mass sensor due to its low cost and its high mass sensitivity. Unfortunately, the validity of the common Sauerbrey equation was questionable with these films or in other terms if the QCM was used as a pure mass sensor. In this work PB film is examined through acoustic measurements and the response can be in…
Mechanostructural adaptations preceding postpneumonectomy lung growth
2012
In many species, pneumonectomy results in compensatory growth in the remaining lung. Although the late mechanical consequences of murine pneumonectomy are known, little is known about the anatomic adaptations and respiratory mechanics during compensatory lung growth. To investigate the structural and mechanical changes during compensatory growth, mice were studied for 21 days after left pneumonectomy using microCT and respiratory system impedance (FlexiVent). Anatomic changes after left pneumonectomy included minimal mediastinal shift or chestwall remodeling, but significant displacement of the heart and cardiac lobe. Mean displacement of the cardiac lobe centroid was 5.2 ± 0.8 mm. Lung imp…
Comments on the validity of a common category of constitutive equations
1974
Many constitutive equations for viscoelastic materials which have appeared in the literature are modifications of the linear viscoelasticity model. Their general form is: [5] $$\tau = \int\limits_0^\infty {(f_1 C + f_2 C^{ - 1)} ds.} $$ The memory functionsf 1 andf 2, are assumed to depend explicitly on either some instantaneous or some timeaveraged value of the invariants of the rate of strain. It is shown in this paper that the general theory of simple fluids with fading memory is based on certain assumptions of smoothness for the constitutive functional which are violated by constitutive equations of the type discussed. This implies that, should any real material obey eq. [5], with an ex…
Jacobian of weak limits of Sobolev homeomorphisms
2016
Abstract Let Ω be a domain in ℝ n {\mathbb{R}^{n}} , where n = 2 , 3 {n=2,3} . Suppose that a sequence of Sobolev homeomorphisms f k : Ω → ℝ n {f_{k}\colon\Omega\to\mathbb{R}^{n}} with positive Jacobian determinants, J ( x , f k ) > 0 {J(x,f_{k})>0} , converges weakly in W 1 , p ( Ω , ℝ n ) {W^{1,p}(\Omega,\mathbb{R}^{n})} , for some p ⩾ 1 {p\geqslant 1} , to a mapping f. We show that J ( x , f ) ⩾ 0 {J(x,f)\geqslant 0} a.e. in Ω. Generalizations to higher dimensions are also given.
static optimal estimation of joint accelerations for inverse dynamics problem solution
2002
In inverse dynamics computations, the accuracy of the solution strongly depends on the accuracy of the input data. In particular, estimated joint moments are highly sensitive to uncertainties in acceleration data. The aim of the present work was to improve classical inverse dynamics computations by providing an accurate estimation of accelerations. Accelerations are usually calculated from noise-polluted position data using numerical double differentiation, which amplifies measurement noise. The objective of the present paper is to use all available imperfect position and force measurements to extract optimum acceleration estimations. A weighted least-squares optimisation approach is used t…
Elastic properties of DNA linked flexible magnetic filaments.
2011
Elastic properties of magnetic filaments linked by DNA in solutions of univalent and bivalent salts with different pH values are investigated through their deformation in an external field. A strong dependence of the bending modulus in bivalent salt solution on the pH is shown. Experimental results are interpreted on the basis of the magnetic elastica.
Incoherent elastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering investigation of hemoglobin dynamics.
2005
In this work we investigate the dynamic properties of hemoglobin in glycerolD(8)/D(2)O solution using incoherent elastic (ENS) and quasi-elastic (QENS) neutron scattering. Taking advantage of complementary energy resolutions of backscattering spectrometers at ILL (Grenoble), we explore motions in a large space-time window, up to 1 ns and 14 A; moreover, in order to cover the harmonic and anharmonic protein dynamics regimes, the elastic experiments have been performed over the wide temperature interval of 20-300 K. To study the dependence of the measured dynamics upon the protein quaternary structure, both deoxyhemoglobin (in T quaternary conformation) and carbonmonoxyhemoglobin (in R quater…