Search results for "Electromagnet"

showing 10 items of 1862 documents

Second quantization and atomic spontaneous emission inside one-dimensional photonic crystals via a quasinormal-modes approach

2004

An extension of the second quantization scheme based on the quasinormal-modes theory to one-dimensional photonic band gap (PBG) structures is discussed. Such structures, treated as double open optical cavities, are studied as part of a compound closed system including the electromagnetic radiative external bath. The electromagnetic field inside the photonic crystal is successfully represented by a new class of modes called quasinormal modes. Starting from this representation we introduce the Feynman's propagator to calculate the decay rate of a dipole inside a PBG structure, related to the density of modes, in the presence of the vacuum fluctuations outside the one-dimensional cavity.

Electromagnetic fieldPhysicsPhysics::OpticsPropagatorSecond quantizationDipolesymbols.namesakeQuantum mechanicsQuantum electrodynamicssymbolsFeynman diagramSpontaneous emissionQuantum fluctuationPhotonic crystal
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High-frequency electrodeless discharges in helium

2004

Modelling of high-frequency electrodeless discharges (HFEDs) in helium is presented. The model combines calculations of electromagnetic field profiles and plasma parameters including kinetics of the excited atomic states. A method of the self-consistent numerical solution for the plasma?field system is proposed. The method takes into account a temporal hierarchy of the kinetic processes in the HFED plasma. A stationary collision-radiative model for helium plasma is developed considering the following equations: (i) the transport equations for the electrons, (ii) the electron energy balance equation, (iii) the population rate equations for balance in the excited states and (iv) the electroma…

Electromagnetic fieldElectron densityeducation.field_of_studyChemistryPlasma parametersPopulationchemistry.chemical_elementElectronPlasmaCondensed Matter PhysicsElectron temperatureAtomic physicseducationHeliumPlasma Sources Science and Technology
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Study of the bandgap renormalization in Ga-doped ZnO films by means of optical absorption under high pressure and photoelectron spectroscopy

2008

Abstract In this paper we investigate the band gap renormalization in heavily Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition on C -plane sapphire and mica substrates. Thin films were studied by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and also by optical measurements under high pressure. The Fermi-level shift, as obtained from ultraviolet photoelectron experiments, exhibits a relatively small and positive shift (about 0.3 eV) with respect to the valence band for increasing electron concentrations up to 1021 cm−3. The optical gap exhibits a much larger increase (0.6 eV) for the same concentration range. Absorption measurements under pressure show that the pressure coefficient of …

Materials scienceBand gapbusiness.industryDopingCondensed Matter PhysicsMolecular physicsPulsed laser depositionOpticsX-ray photoelectron spectroscopySapphireGeneral Materials ScienceElectrical and Electronic EngineeringThin filmbusinessAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopySuperlattices and Microstructures
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Improvement of matrix solutions of generalized nonlinear wave equation

2005

Four classes of nonlinear wave equations are joined in one generalized nonlinear wave equation. A theorem is proved that the whole series of matrix functions satisfy the generalized wave equation. A justification of rotational properties of matrix solutions is given and a mathematical model of the ring vortex around the acute edge is proposed using of matrix solutions.

Matrix difference equationMatrix (mathematics)Matrix differential equationGeneralized eigenvectorApplied MathematicsMatrix functionMathematical analysisComputational MechanicsSymmetric matrixSinusoidal plane-wave solutions of the electromagnetic wave equationMass matrixMathematicsZAMM
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Faraday effect in magnetic fluids at a frequency 10GHz

2002

Abstract This work presents some results of observed Faraday effect in magnetic fluids in the centimetric region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The effect is observed when a transversal electric wave of mode H11 propagates in the circular waveguide with a magnetic fluid. The constant magnetic field was applied along the waveguide. Magnetic fluids with different concentrations of magnetite core nanoparticles suspended in tetradecane (C14H30) are used in the magnetic fields from 0 to 1500 Oe. A 160° rotation of wave polarization is obtained for a 200 mm sample.

FerrofluidMaterials scienceCondensed matter physicsElectromagnetic spectrumbusiness.industryCondensed Matter PhysicsMagneto-optic effectElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialslaw.inventionMagnetic fieldsymbols.namesakeOpticslawFaraday effectsymbolsbusinessFaraday rotatorWaveguideMicrowaveJournal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
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ChemInform Abstract: Bis(stilbenyl)squaraines. Novel Pigments with Extended Conjugation.

2010

Abstract We report on the synthesis of a novel type of squaraines ( 11a-f, 17c ) in which the conjugation of the chromophore is extended by stilbene units. These pigments exhibit absorption bands which have their maxima at the end on the Vis region and reach partly into the NIR.

PigmentChemistryvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumGeneral MedicineChromophoreAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)PhotochemistryChemInform
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Brown and green LAI mapping through spectral indices

2015

Abstract When crops senescence, leaves remain until they fall off or are harvested. Hence, leaf area index (LAI) stays high even when chlorophyll content degrades to zero. Current LAI approaches from remote sensing techniques are not optimized for estimating LAI of senescent vegetation. In this paper a two-step approach has been proposed to realize simultaneous LAI mapping over green and senescent croplands. The first step separates green from brown LAI by means of a newly proposed index, ‘Green Brown Vegetation Index (GBVI)’. This index exploits two shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral bands centred at 2100 and 2000 nm, which fall right in the dry matter absorption regions, thereby providing…

Global and Planetary ChangeHyperspectral imagingEnhanced vegetation indexVegetationSpectral bandsManagement Monitoring Policy and LawGeographyAbsorption bandComputers in Earth SciencesLeaf area indexAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)HyMapEarth-Surface ProcessesRemote sensingInternational Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
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A Geant4 simulation package for the sage spectrometer

2012

International audience; A comprehensive Geant4 simulation was built for the SAGE spectrometer. The simulation package includes the silicon and germanium detectors, the mechanical structure and the electromagnetic fields present in SAGE. This simulation can be used for making predictions through simulating experiments and for comparing simulated and experimental data to better understand the underlying physics.

Electromagnetic fieldHistorySiliconSpectrometer010308 nuclear & particles physicsComputer sciencePhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsDetectorchemistry.chemical_elementExperimental dataGermaniumComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]01 natural sciencesComputer Science ApplicationsEducationComputational scienceKokeellinen ydinfysiikkachemistry0103 physical sciencesComputer Science::Mathematical Software29.40.Wk Solid-state detectors 29.30.Kv X- and gamma-ray spectroscopy 07.85.Nc X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometers 29.30.Dn Electron spectroscopyExperimental nuclear physics010306 general physics
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Search for the exotic Θ+ resonance in the NOMAD experiment

2006

12 pages, 16 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 13.15.+g; 13.60.Le; 13.87.Fh; 14.40.Ev.-- ISI Article Identifier: 000243973100007.-- ArXiv pre-print available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0612063.-- et al.

QuarkParticle physicsPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)Protonneutrino; nutrino oscillations; quarksElectromagnetic Calorimeter7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesParticle identificationHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentNuclear physics0103 physical sciences[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]Muon neutrino010306 general physicsEngineering (miscellaneous)Charged currentPhysicsNeutral current010308 nuclear & particles physicsHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyFísicaTransition Radiation DetectorPositive-strangenessBaryonPhotoproductionHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentNeutrinoParticle Physics - ExperimentCharged Current Interactions
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Finite difference time domain simulation of earth electrodes soil ionisation under lightning surge condition

2008

The non linear effects of soil ionisation on the behaviour of earth electrodes are investigated by a finite difference time domain numerical scheme. A time variable soil resistivity is used in order to simulate the soil breakdown; step by step the resistivity value is controlled by the local instantaneous value of the electric field compared with the electrical strength, fixed for the soil. No a priori hypothesis about the geometrical shape of the ionised zone around the electrodes has to be enforced. Simulation results related to complex earth electrodes of limited extension are reported. The model has been validated by comparing the computed results with data available in technical litera…

Engineeringfinite difference time domain numerical methodbusiness.industryGroundSoil resistivityFinite-difference time-domain methodMechanicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsPhysics::GeophysicsNon-linear effectselectromagnetic transientsSettore ING-IND/31 - ElettrotecnicaElectrical resistivity and conductivityElectric fieldIonizationElectronic engineeringElectrical and Electronic Engineeringsoil ionizationbusinessVoltageIET Science, Measurement & Technology
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