Search results for "Eliti"
showing 10 items of 470 documents
Prevalence and risk factors of post-polio syndrome in a cohort of polio survivors.
2005
Abstract Objective To investigate frequency and associated factors of post polio syndrome (PPS) in an Italian cohort of people with prior poliomyelitis. Methods We screened subjects admitted for poliomyelitis at the paediatric hospital of the University of Palermo during the time frame 1945–1960. Patients who developed PPS were identified through a structured questionnaire and a neurologic examination. PPS diagnosis was made according to specified diagnostic criteria. Frequency of PPS was calculated in the selected cohort of polio survivors. The association with the investigated risk factors (sex, age at onset of polio, extension and severity of polio, education, associated diseases, cigare…
Combination of aztreonam, ceftazidime–avibactam and amikacin in the treatment of VIM-1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 osteomyelitis
2021
Abstract We describe a challenging case of patient with metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa sternal osteomyelitis following aortic valve replacement with biological prosthesis. The strain exhibited a multidrug-resistance phenotype carrying the blaVIM-1 gene and belonged to the high-risk clone sequence type ST235. The patient was successfully treated with surgical debridement plus antibiotic therapy with ceftazidime/avibactam, aztreonam, and amikacin. Time-kill curves showed that this triple antibiotic combination at 1 × MIC was strongly synergic after 8 h, achieving 99.9% killing and maintaining this until 48 h.
Mixed vaginal infections of Balb/c mice with low virulent herpes simplex type 1 strains result in restoration of virulence properties: vaginitis/vulv…
1997
Vaginal infections of BALB/c Ann mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were studied. Mice were inoculated with virulent strains ANG path and 17 syn+ or low-virulent recombinant strains 27/III and 17-syn3 that differ from parental strains in their glycoprotein B (gB) gene sequences. When low-virulent strains were inoculated separately, no vaginitis/vulvitis was produced despite replication in the vagina. In contrast, after coinfection of mice with the two low-virulent strains, vaginitis/vulvitis was produced and virus could be recovered from the central nervous system (CNS). Two of the CNS isolates produced vaginitis/vulvitis, neuroinvasiveness and death of mice after vaginal infecti…
The role of NFATc2 in chronic autoimmune neuroinflammation
2014
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a fumaric acid ester with potential immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effect, was recently approved as treatment for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). DMF ameliorates the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the murine model of MS, where it exerts a neuroprotective action, reducing demyelination and axonal loss. We hypothesized that these effects are mediated, at least in part, through its action on microglia. We used a microglial cell line (N9) activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to analyze the effect of monomethyl fumarate (MMF), a bioactive metabolite of DMF, in vitro. We show that MMF reverts the molecular phenoty…
Tyrphostin AG126 exerts neuroprotection in CNS inflammation by a dual mechanism
2015
The putative protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor tyrphostin AG126 has proven beneficial in various models of inflammatory disease. Yet molecular targets and cellular mechanisms remained enigmatic. We demonstrate here that AG126 treatment has beneficial effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis. AG126 alleviates the clinical symptoms, diminishes encephalitogenic Th17 differentiation, reduces inflammatory CNS infiltration as well as microglia activation and attenuates myelin damage. We show that AG126 directly inhibits Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a PTK associated with B cell receptor and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. However, BTK …
Indications of the extraction of symptomatic impacted third molars. A systematic review
2021
Background A literature review was made to determine when third molar (3M) extraction is recommended in symptomatic patients and when it is not recommended. Material and methods A Medline (PubMed) and EMBASE search was made for articles related to indications for the extraction of 3Ms, published in the last 10 years and up until September 2018. Results The electronic search yielded 175 articles. After eliminating duplicates, a total of 173 articles were subjected to review of the title and abstract. Only 19 studies were finally included in the systematic review. There was a well documented increase in morbidity associated to impacted 3Ms (non-restorable caries, fracture, infection, periodon…
Unraveling the T-B tangle in anti-CD20 multiple sclerosis therapy.
2019
Significance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. CD8+ T cells have been strongly implicated in MS pathogenesis, but it is unclear whether myelin is a CD8+ T cell autoantigenic target in MS. This study demonstrated that while myelin-specific CD8+ T cells are present at similar frequencies in untreated MS patients and healthy subjects, the proportion of memory and CD20-expressing myelin-specific CD8+ T cells was increased in MS patients, suggesting prior antigen encounter. This activated phenotype was reversible as the memory and CD20-expressing populations of certain myelin-specific CD8+ T cells were reduced following anti-CD20 trea…
Modeling a complex disease: Multiple sclerosis—Update 2020
2021
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an unknown etiology. Thereby, MS is not a uniform disease but rather represents a spectrum of disorders, where each aspect needs to be modeled with specific requirements-for a systematic overview see our previous issue of this review (Kurschus, Wortge, & Waisman, 2011). However, there is broad consensus about the critical involvement of the immune system in the disease pathogenesis. To better understand how the immune system contributes to CNS autoimmunity, the model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was developed. EAE can be induced in susceptible animals in many different wa…
ID: 186
2015
In the past years, and clear pathogenic role was shown for Th17 cells in the development of autoimmune diseases. In particular, these cells were shown to play a critical roIn the past years, and clear pathogenic role was shown for Th17 cells in the development of autoimmune diseases. In particular, these cells were shown to play a critical role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis. One of the major cytokines Th17 cells produce is IL-17A, a cytokine of the IL-17 family. IL-17A, as well as it homologue IL-17F bind and trigger cells via the IL-17 receptor A/C complex. We have used a series of mice with deficiencies in the…
Staphylococcal Biofilms:Challenges in the Discovery of Novel Antiinfective Agents
2011
Staphylococci can induce a wide spectrum of infectious diseases that are associated with remarkable morbidity and mortality [1]. In fact, community and hospital-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major health problem that has created a pressing need for novel therapeutic options [2]. Importantly, pathogenic staphylococci have not only an amazing ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics, but also to form biofilms, bacterial communities that grow on surfaces and are surrounded by a self-produced polymer matrix. This latter characteristic is likely the most important virulence factor of staphylococci in the development of the chronic form of infectious disease…