Search results for "Embryogenesi"

Citrus biotechnology

2020

Agricultural crops that can better withstand the changing climatic and pathogen landscape have been produced through natural selection throughout the millennia and, in recent years, through the process of human-assisted plant breeding and selection. However, a lack of genetic diversity in many commercially cultivated crops (due to monoculture) has made them more vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses (Esquinas-Alcazar, 2005; Keneni et al., 2012). Citrus, belonging to the Rutaceae family, is one of the most important commercial woody fruit crops in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The origin of citrus is traced back to parts of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asia (Wu e…

Embryo production through isolated microspore culture in Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan., cv. Monreal Rosso .

2013

Microspore-derived embryo recovery trough isolated microspore culture in Corylus avellana L.

2014

STUDY ON GAMETIC EMBRYOGENESIS VIA IN VITRO ANTHER AND ISOLATED MICROSPORE CULTURE IN FRUIT CROPS

2014

Fruit breeding is mainly based on both conventional (hybridization, mutation and selection) or biotechnological methods (somatic hybridization, genetic transformation and haploid production). The genetic improvement through the conventional methods is limited by many factors such as fruit trees long juvenile period, high heterozygosity, large size and sexual incompatibility. Haploids and doubled haploids, obtained through gametic embryogenesis have a potential use in fruit crops genetic improvement. The change of the microspores fate from the normal gametopytic pathway towards the sporophytic induction is affected by numerous factors. Genotype, medium composition and stress were considered …

USE OF IN VITRO TISSUE CULTURE IN PROPAGATION AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF FRUIT TREES

2020

La coltura in vitro, applicata alla propagazione e miglioramento genetico della biodiversità vegetale, può rappresentare uno strumento efficace per affrontare i problemi attuali come i cambiamenti climatici, le nuove esigenze dei consumatori e indirettamente lo sviluppo delle aree rurali. Inoltre, può assumere un ruolo strategico nel miglioramento genetico e nella propagazione delle cultivar al fine di ottenere genotipi resistenti, con frutti migliori dal punto di vista organolettico e piante capaci di adattarsi ai cambiamenti climatici. Il miglioramento genetico attraverso i metodi convenzionale è limitato da molti fattori infatti, gli alberi da frutto sono caratterizzati da un lungo perio…

Dorsal/Ventral asymmetric expression of nodal in the early sea urchin embryo relies on specific suppression in dorsal cells by the Hbox12 homeodomain…

2014

Dorsal/Ventral (DV) polarization of the sea urchin embryo is directed by a Nodal-expressing signaling centre located on the ventral side. The initial breaking of the symmetry and positioning of the organizer are unclear. We show that, in Paracentrotus lividus embryos, the Hbox12 homeodomaincontaining repressor is expressed on the opposite side and precedes the onset of nodal transcription. Hbox12 misexpression provokes DV abnormalities, attenuating nodal and nodal-dependent gene transcription. Reciprocally, clonal hbox12 loss-of-function imposed by blastomere transplantation or gene transfer assays disrupts DV polarization and allows ectopic expression of nodal. Remarkably, the localized kn…

Perspectives of the encapsulation technology in the nursery activity of Citrus

2007

The genetic and phytosanitary certification has to guarantee the quality of the propagation material also in Citrus. Traditional methods can be assisted by the techniques of in vitro culture, which are fundamental for the mass production of high quality plants. The encapsulation technology represents an innovative tool to combine the advantages of micropropagation with handling ease, storability, reduced size of the propagules, mechanization potentiality, transportability of the gamic seeds. In this work somatic embryos obtained from in vitro anther culture of the cultivar Mandarino Tardivo di Ciaculli (Citrus reticulata Blanco) were encapsulated in a sodium alginate matrix and synthetic se…

Somatic embryogenesis through in vitro anther culture ofCitrus sinensisL. Osbeck ‘Moro’

2019

In many crops, anther culture is the most used method to induce gametic embryogenesis, aimed to regenerate homozygous plants. However, also somatic embryogenesis can be obtained by this method, when somatic tissue is involved in regeneration process. Many factors can affect this procedure, such as genotype, pre-treatments applied to floral buds, pollen developmental stage, donor plant states, culture media composition and growth culture conditions. Anthers of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck, cv. Moro, were collected at the vacuolate stage, and after a chilling (4°C) pre-treatment of 7 days, were placed on the same medium, evaluating different temperature stresses applied after the placing in cult…

Preliminary research on conversion of encapsulated somatic embryos of Citrus reticulata Blanco, cv. Mandardino Tardivo di Ciaculli.

2006

Somatic embryogenesis was obtained through anther culture of Citrus reticulata, cv. Mandarino Tardivo di Ciaculli. The work was carried out to evaluate the response of somatic embryos inside a sodium alginate coating to different storage periods, and to the effects of the germicide PPM (1 ml l(-1) stop) and the fungicide Thiophanate-methyl (100 mg l(-1) stop). The effect of these alone or in combination, added to the artificial endosperm on the performance of the encapsulated somatic embryos was tested. After 45 days of culturing, sprouting, root development and conversion were recorded. The encapsulated somatic embryos can be conveniently stored at 4 degrees C, but not for a period longer …

Rearing of Prays citri on callus derived from lemon stigma and style culture

2000

A new method for rearing the citrus flower moth (Prays citri Mill.) (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae) on lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.] callus is reported. In the present research callus (an undifferentiated mass of plant cells that can be grown under sterile conditions on an artificial medium in vitro) was induced from lemon stigma and style explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 500 mg l -1 malt extract, 13.3 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, and 146 mM sucrose. Also somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were obtained from the cultures of styles and stigmas of lemon. Adults were obtained from larvae on infested flowers collected in the field. Different oviposition…