Search results for "Embryon"
showing 10 items of 988 documents
To Be or Not to Be a Germ Cell: The Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor Paradigm
2021
In the human embryo, the genetic program that orchestrates germ cell specification involves the activation of epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms that make the germline a unique cell population continuously poised between germness and pluripotency. Germ cell tumors, neoplasias originating from fetal or neonatal germ cells, maintain such dichotomy and can adopt either pluripotent features (embryonal carcinomas) or germness features (seminomas) with a wide range of phenotypes in between these histotypes. Here, we review the basic concepts of cell specification, migration and gonadal colonization of human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) highlighting the analogies of transcriptional/epigene…
Placental DNA methylation signatures of maternal smoking during pregnancy and potential impacts on fetal growth.
2021
We would like to thank all the families that participated in these studies for their generous contribution. Detailed acknowledgements and funding can be found in Sup plementary Material.
Predictive variables of in vitro fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development in the mouse
2002
The present study aims to analyze the cause-effect relationships among several in-vitro fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development variables in the mouse. Superovulation of hybrid (C57Bl/6JIco female X CBA/JIco male) female mice of 4-6 weeks of age was induced by a priming injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin at the estrus stage of the estrous cycle followed after a 48-hr interval by human chrorionic gonadotropin. Ovulated cumulus-enclosed oocytes were inseminated with sperm from hybrid males of 12-16 weeks of age. The multiple linear regression analyses performed indicated that (a) total number of ovulated oocytes is a good predictor of both fertilization frequency an…
Stage of the estrous cycle at the time of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin injection affects pre-implantation embryo development in vitro in the mo…
2002
The present study aims to analyze in the mouse the effect of the stage of the estrous cycle at the time of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) injection on fertilization of ovulated cumulus-enclosed oocytes and later embryo development in vitro to the blastocyst stage. Quality of blastocysts was evaluated by staining and counting of total number of nuclei, mitotic index, percentage of apoptotic nuclei, and cell allocation to the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) lineage. Superovulation of hybrid (C57Bl/6JIco female x CBA/JIco male) female mice of 4-6 weeks of age was induced by a priming injection of PMSG at different stages of the estrous cycle followed after a 48-hr inter…
TALPID3/KIAA0586 regulates multiple aspects of neuromuscular patterning during gastrointestinal development in animal models and human
2021
ABSTRACTTALPID3/KIAA0586 is an evolutionary conserved protein, which plays an essential role in protein trafficking. Its role during gastrointestinal (GI) and enteric nervous system (ENS) development has not been studied previously. Here, we analysed chicken, mouse and human embryonic GI tissues with TALPID3 mutations. The GI tract of TALPID3 chicken embryos was shortened and malformed. Histologically, the gut smooth muscle was mispatterned and enteric neural crest cells were scattered throughout the gut wall. Analysis of the Hedgehog pathway and gut extracellular matrix provided causative reasons for these defects. Interestingly, chicken intra-species grafting experiments and a conditional…
A neoepitope generated by an FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is recognized by leukemia-reactive autologous CD8+ T cells.
2006
Abstract The FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed in more than 90% of acute myelogeneous leukemias (AMLs), up to 30% of which carry an internal tandem duplication (ITD) within the FLT3 gene. Although varying duplication sites exist, most FLT3-ITDs affect a single protein domain. We analyzed the FLT3-ITD of an AML patient for encoding HLA class I–restricted immunogenic peptides. One of the tested peptides (YVDFREYEYY) induced in vitro autologous T-cell responses restricted by HLA-A*0101 that were also detectable ex vivo. These peptide-reactive T cells recognized targets transfected with the patient's FLT3-ITD, but not wild-type FLT3, and recognized the patient's AML cells. Our results …
Ageing on lees ( sur lies ) and the use of speciality inactive yeasts during wine fermentation
2010
Abstract: The chapter begins by describing the lees and autolysis phenomena: mechanism and released products. It then reviews the influence of ageing ‘ sur lies ’ on the organoleptic and hygienic properties and the stability of white, red and sparkling wines. The chapter includes a description of different yeast preparations mimicking the lees and their use in winemaking.
Arsenic trioxide alters the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell into cardiomyocytes
2015
AbstractChronic arsenic exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular diseases. Arsenic increases myocardial infarction mortality in young adulthood, suggesting that exposure during foetal life correlates with cardiac alterations emerging later. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of arsenic trioxide (ATO) cardiomyocytes disruption during their differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells. Throughout 15 days of differentiation in the presence of ATO (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 μM) we analysed: the expression of i) marker genes of mesoderm (day 4), myofibrillogenic commitment (day 7) and post-natal-like cardiomyocytes (day 15); ii) sarcomeric proteins and their orga…
Disruption of Eph/ephrin signaling affects migration and proliferation in the adult subventricular zone.
2000
The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles, the largest remaining germinal zone of the adult mammalian brain, contains an extensive network of neuroblasts migrating rostrally to the olfactory bulb. Little is known about the endogenous proliferation signals for SVZ neural stem cells or guidance cues along the migration pathway. Here we show that the receptor tyrosine kinases EphB1-3 and EphA4 and their transmembrane ligands, ephrins-B2/3, are expressed by cells of the SVZ. Electron microscopy revealed ephrin-B ligands associated with SVZ astrocytes, which function as stem cells in this germinal zone. A three-day infusion of the ectodomain of either EphB2 or ephrin-B2 into the la…
Ultrasonic mensuration of fetal limb bones in the second and third trimesters
1987
Growth of fetal limb bones has been examined in a prospective cross-sectional study in 530 patients between 13 and 42 weeks of gestation by ultrasound. The length of the femur, tibia, humerus, and radius were measured in all cases, and fibula and ulna in 393 cases. For each week of gestation mean lengths (+/- 2 standard deviations) were calculated. All limb bones showed linear growth from 13 weeks to 25 weeks of gestation, after which the growth curve appeared nonlinear. A strong linear relationship (r greater than 0.98) between the BPD and bone length was found for each bone. In five aborted fetuses, prenatal sonographic measurements of the ossified diaphyses were compared with the postnat…