Search results for "Emissions"
showing 10 items of 294 documents
The Impact of the Spanish Foreign trade on its Real CO2 Emissions
2019
CO2 emissions are a global problem. This means that nothing or very little will change if only particular countries are involved. The aim of this paper is the attempt to show the real CO2 emissions of Spain as well as the impact of its trade on CO2 emissions in other countries in the world and in the EU in 2017. This study was conducted on the group of countries that are the major emitters of CO2 in the world including most of the EU members. Countries with negligible CO2 emissions were omitted. Actual CO2 emissions were obtained by applying the actual emission factor. This considers the transfer of CO2 in export products and services as well as those imported by particular countries. The r…
Energy efficient model for biogas production in farm scale
2011
Energy efficient solutions for six farm biogas production was found by calculating mass and energy balance in different scenarios. Raw materials in biogas production were cow manure and grass silage that were produced in these farms. There were calculated mass and energy balances on average for one year biogas prouduction that consisted of grass silage production, raw material transportation and biogas production in the biogas plant. In addition, direct greenhouse gases from biogas production were estimated. The direct mass and energy flows were calculated. It turned out that one input energy unit can produce 5.0 to 5.5 energy units as heat and electricity. Biogas reactor consumed heat from…
Economic and Life Cycle Analysis of Passive and Active Monitoring of Ozone for Forest Protection
2021
At forest sites, phytotoxic tropospheric ozone (O3) can be monitored with continuously operating, active monitors (AM) or passive, cumulative samplers (PM). For the first time, we present evidence that the sustainability of active monitoring is better than that of passive sensors, as the environmental, economic, and social costs are usually lower in the former than in the latter. By using data collected in the field, environmental, social, and economic costs were analyzed. The study considered monitoring sites at three distances from a control station in Italy (30, 400, and 750 km), two forest types (deciduous and Mediterranean evergreen), and three time windows (5, 10, and 20 years of moni…
In-depth characterization of denitrifier communities across different soil ecosystems in the tundra
2022
Abstract Background In contrast to earlier assumptions, there is now mounting evidence for the role of tundra soils as important sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). However, the microorganisms involved in the cycling of N2O in this system remain largely uncharacterized. Since tundra soils are variable sources and sinks of N2O, we aimed at investigating differences in community structure across different soil ecosystems in the tundra. Results We analysed 1.4 Tb of metagenomic data from soils in northern Finland covering a range of ecosystems from dry upland soils to water-logged fens and obtained 796 manually binned and curated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). We then sear…
An integrated package for modelling and mapping urban traffic emissions and air and acoustic quality
2005
Urban activities and traffic movements have an important impact on the acoustic level and air pollution. The aim of the present paper is to assess the improvement of an environmental territorial information system, developed in 2003, useful as a decision support for town-planning and territorial management. The system born as a data base and as a tools of management for environmental problems is now improved and is able to calculate the noise levels and the correlate CO values. Since an urban area could be analyzed at a macro-scale level also the evaluation is at a macro scale level. Thanks to its flexibility, the modular system allows to meet the demands of a wide range of applications.
Simulation with a Torque Dynamometer of Pollutants Emission from Vehicles Near Urban Cross-Road
2002
Nowadays, the influence of the vehicular traffic on the degradation of urban atmosphere is focused on by researchers belonging to different fields in view of its prime importance for public health. The control of exhaust gases emission is primary in order to keep air pollution below the specified limits of the laws in force. In previous works the “medium car” characterises a country in modelling a pollutant in urban areas. This is the central parameter of a forecasting model proposed by Pignato and LoMastro, of pollutant concentration near urban cross-road with traffic lights in continue queue and platoon flow. The proofs have been carried on two classes of displacement vehicles and four cl…
Geogenic and atmospheric sources for volatile organic compounds in fumarolic emissions from Mt. Etna and Vulcano Island (Sicily, Italy)
2012
In this paper, fluid source(s) and processes controlling the chemical composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas discharges from Mt. Etna and Vulcano Island(Sicily, Italy) were investigated. The main composition of the Etnean and Volcano gas emissions is produced by mixing, to various degrees, of magmatic and hydrothermal components. VOCs are dominated by alkanes, alkenes and aromatics, with minor, though significant, concentrations of O-, S- and Cl(F)-substituted compounds. The main mechanism for the production of alkanes is likely related to pyrolysis of organic-matterbearing sediments that interact with the ascending magmatic fluids. Alkanes are then converted to alkene and …
The impact of Mt. Etna volcanic emissions on the atmospheric deposition: developments and improvements during three decades of studies
2022
Volcanic emissions are an important source of gases and particles to the atmosphere. Mount Etna discharges a permanent volcanic plume consisting of water vapor and gaseous species (CO2, SO2, HCl and HF, mainly), metals, acid droplets, and solid particles. This plume interacts with meteoric water during precipitations events, so the chemical signature of the plume is impressed on the rainwater. Over the past 32 years, the impact of Etna's emissions on atmospheric deposition has been investigated in many research projects by our team. Sampling methodologies and analytical procedures have been improved over the years. The first study of the concentration of water-soluble inorganic ions in week…
Plume composition changes during the birth of a new lava lake - Nyamulagira volcano, DR Congo
2016
Nyamulagira, in the Virunga Volcanic Province (VVP), Democratic Republic of Congo, is one of the most active volcanoes in Africa. The volcano is located about 25 km north-northwest of Lake Kivu in the Western Branch of the East African Rift System (EARS) with a distance of only 15 km to Nyiragongo, which is well known for its decades-old active lava lake. Nyamulagira is a shield volcano with a 3058 m high and 2000 m wide summit caldera. The volcano is characterized by frequent eruptions, which occur both from the summit crater and from the flanks (31 flank eruptions over the last 110 years). Due to the low viscosity lava, although significantly higher than the one of Nyiragongo, wide lava f…
Impact of Etna’s volcanic emission on major ions and trace elements composition of the atmospheric deposition
2022
Mt. Etna, on the eastern coast of Sicily (Italy), is one of the most active volcanoes on the planet and it is widely recognized as a big source of volcanic gases (e.g., CO2 and SO2), halogens, and a lot of trace elements, to the atmosphere in the Mediterranean region. Especially during eruptive periods, Etna’s emissions can be dispersed over long distances and cover wide areas. A group of trace elements has been recently brought to attention for their possible environmental and human health impacts, the Technology-critical elements. The current knowledge about their geochemical cycles is still scarce, nevertheless, recent studies (Brugnone et al., 2020) evidenced a contribution from the vol…