Search results for "Emphysema"
showing 10 items of 49 documents
High-resolution computed tomography quantitation of emphysema is correlated with selected lung function values in stable COPD
2012
<b><i>Background:</i></b> The literature shows conflicting results when high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scores of emphysema were correlated with different indices of airflow obstruction. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We correlated HRCT scores of emphysema with different indices of airflow obstruction. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed HRCT of the chest in 59 patients, all smokers or ex-smokers, with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of different severity [GOLD stages I–IV; mean age ± SD 67.8 ± 7.3 years; pack/years 51.0 ± 34.6; percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</su…
Toxicological investigations in a fatal and non-fatal accident due to hydrogen sulphide (H2S)poisoning
2019
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is one of the most toxic natural gas and represents a not rare cause of fatal events in workplaces. We report here a serious accidental poisoning by hydrogen sulphide inhalation involving six sailors. Three of them died while the other three survived and were transported to the emergency room. No greenish discolouration of the body, that could be a feature of these type of deaths, was observed at autopsy. Given that blood and/or urine H2S detection does not allow to discriminate if it is related to inhalation or to putrefactive processes, the determination of thiosulphate, H2S main metabolite, is decisive. The succession of fatal events reported here can be rebuilt b…
T helper type 17-related cytokine expression is increased in the bronchial mucosa of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
2009
Summary There are increased numbers of activated T lymphocytes in the bronchial mucosa of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. T helper type 17 (Th17) cells release interleukin (IL)-17 as their effector cytokine under the control of IL-22 and IL-23. Furthermore, Th17 numbers are increased in some chronic inflammatory conditions. To investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22 and IL-23 and of retinoic orphan receptor RORC2, a marker of Th17 cells, in bronchial biopsies from patients with stable COPD of different severity compared with age-matched control subjects. The expression of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23 and RORC2 was measure…
Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumoperitoneum after diagnostic colonoscopy for ulcerative colitis: a rare but possible complication …
2010
Dear Editor: Colonoscopy is regarded as a safe procedure, but complications may occur. The most dreaded are perforation and massive bleeding of the colon. The incidence of perforation is low but, despite increased experience with the procedure, it remains unchanged over time and in a large population study ranges from 0.6 to 1 per 1.000 procedures, depending on the centre and the data source. Few studies have assessed risk factors for colonoscopy-related bleeding and perforation. Gatto et al. have reported that there was a significant trend in the incidence of perforation with increasing age, people aged 75 years or older having a fourfold risk as compared to those aged 65–69 years; same re…
Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium due to malignant subcarinal lymphadenopathy: CT demonstration
1997
A 52-year-old man had been treated for oral cancer T3 N0 M0 by radical surgery, neck dissection on the right and cervical irradiation (60 Gy). Two months after therapy he presented with dysphagia and hemoptysis. Admission chest X-ray revealed a pneumopericardium. It was caused by a bronchomediastinal fistula due to necrotic metastatic lymph nodes as shown by CT, which also revealed a concomitant pneumomediastinum. The patient died 10 days later from pneumonia. The CT findings were confirmed at autopsy. We conclude that malignant mediastinal lymphadenopathy is a potential cause of pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum.
Functional Evaluation of Emphysema Using Diffusion-Weighted 3Helium-Magnetic Resonance Imaging, High-Resolution Computed Tomography, and Lung Functio…
2004
Purpose: To assess the emphysematous enlargement of distal air-spaces and concomitant large and small airway disease using diffusion-weighted 3 Helium-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and lung function tests (LFT). Methods: Seven patients were examined after single lung transplantation (LTx) and 1 before double LTx for various forms of emphysema. Five patients after double LTx served as controls. Patients were assessed by 3 Helium-MRI (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]), HRCT (mean lung density [MLD], emphysema index [El]), and LFT. Results: Transplanted lungs: mean ADC = 0.17 cm 2 /s, MLD = -848 H, El = 22%. Emphysematous lungs: mean ADC = 0.…
Contrast enhanced CT-scans are not comparable to non-enhanced scans in emphysema quantification.
2010
Systemic, interventional and surgical treatments have gone new ways in treatment of emphysema. For longitudinal therapy monitoring and as end-points for clinical trials, quantification of the disease is necessary. Sensitive, easy to measure, as well as stable and reproducible parameters have to be characterized. One parameter that might affect emphysema quantification is IV contrast enhancement, which might also be indicated. Whether or not the contrast enhanced scan is also suited for emphysema quantification or an additional scan is necessary, a retrospective analysis of 12 adult patients undergoing clinically indicated both, a non-enhanced and enhanced thin section MSCT within a week (me…
Ein Auswerteprogramm zur quantitativen Untersuchung der Lungenventilation mittels dynamischer MRT von hochpolarisiertem 3He
2004
Purpose: 3 He-MRI is able to visualize the regional distribution of lung ventilation with a temporal and spatial resolution so far unmatched by any other technique. The aim of the study was the development of a new software tool for quantification of dynamic ventilation parameters in absolute physical units. Materials and Methods: During continuous breathing, a bolus of hyperpolarized 3 He (300 ml) was applied at inspiration and a series of 168 coronal projection images simultaneously acquired using a 2D FLASH-sequence. Postprocessing software was developed to analyze the 3 He distribution in the lung. After correction for lung motion, several ventilation parameters (rise time, delay time, …
Vollautomatische Detektion und Quantifizierung des Lungenemphysems in Dünnschicht-MD-CT des Thorax durch eine neue, speziell entwickelte Software
2004
Purpose: Introduction of a novel software tool (YACTA - yet another CT analyzer) for detection and quantification of pulmonary emphysema in thin-slice chest MDCT data sets. Materials and Methods: Consisting of grey-level threshold-based algorithms (e. g., region-growing), expert rules and morphological image postprocessing YACTA segments the tracheobronchial tree prior to the detection and quantification of pulmonary emphysema. In addition to general parameters, such as the mean lung density (MLD) and the emphysema index (EI - also described as pixel index PI), the previously described bullae index (BI) is transformed into a three-dimensional parameter for a morphological description of emp…
Untersuchung des Ventilations-Durchblutungs-Verh�ltnisses in der funktionell inhomogenen Lunge mittels des ?inspiratorischen Sauerstoffsprunges?
1964
Es wird ein neues Verfahren zur Analyse der Verteilung des Ventilations-Durchblutungs-Verhaltnisses in der funktionell inhomogenen Lunge beschrieben. Die hiermit an gesunden Versuchspersonen und Patienten mit ausgepragtem obstruktiven Lungenemphysem durchgefuhrte Untersuchung fuhrt zu folgenden Ergebnissen: 1. Das Ventilations-Durchblutungs-Verhaltnis weist beim Gesunden eine charakteristische Verteilung im Bereich von etwa 0,5–2,0 auf. Dadurch entsteht eine verteilungsbedingte alveolar-arterielle Druckdifferenz, die fur Sauerstoff 1–8 Torr, fur Kohlendioxyd 0,5–3 Torr betragt. Die Inhomogenitat der Durchblutungsgrose ist in diesem Fall von untergeordneter Bedeutung. 2. Bei Emphysematikern …