Search results for "Empire"
showing 10 items of 165 documents
2500 Years of European Climate Variability and Human Susceptibility
2011
Climate variations influenced the agricultural productivity, health risk, and conflict level of preindustrial societies. Discrimination between environmental and anthropogenic impacts on past civilizations, however, remains difficult because of the paucity of high-resolution paleoclimatic evidence. We present tree ring-based reconstructions of central European summer precipitation and temperature variability over the past 2500 years. Recent warming is unprecedented, but modern hydroclimatic variations may have at times been exceeded in magnitude and duration. Wet and warm summers occurred during periods of Roman and medieval prosperity. Increased climate variability from similar to 250 to 6…
Needles made of human bones from Xochimilco
2018
Abstract This paper presents the study of needles made of long human bones (Homo sapiens) from the region of Xochimilco, now a quarter in Mexico City, which in pre-Hispanic times was one of the cities conquered by the Aztec empire. We shall discuss the development and use of these needles, as well as the identification of the raw material they are made of and a proposal about what people these bones were obtained from: captives or craftsmen's relatives? The archaeological household at San Pedro, in Xochimilco, presents in its early stages (12th century–15th century) stone technology, and in its final stages (16th century, around the time of arrival of the Spanish conquerors) the possible us…
Cooling and societal change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 AD
2016
Societal upheaval occurred across Eurasia in the sixth and seventh centuries. Tree-ring reconstructions suggest a period of pronounced cooling during this time associated with several volcanic eruptions. Climatic changes during the first half of the Common Era have been suggested to play a role in societal reorganizations in Europe1,2 and Asia3,4. In particular, the sixth century coincides with rising and falling civilizations1,2,3,4,5,6, pandemics7,8, human migration and political turmoil8,9,10,11,12,13. Our understanding of the magnitude and spatial extent as well as the possible causes and concurrences of climate change during this period is, however, still limited. Here we use tree-ring…
Pigs and Cattle in Gaul: The Role of Gallic Societies in the Evolution of Husbandry Practices
2017
International audience; In diesem Artikel wird eine vergleichende Untersuchung der Morphologie von Schweinen und Rinder vorgelegt sowie eine Analyse stabiler Isotopen, die die Führung des Schweinebestands in Levroux Les Arènes (Indre, Frankreich) betrifft, um die Veränderungen in den Tierhaltungspraktiken zwischen der Eisenzeit und der Römerzeit in der gallischen Gesellschaft auszuwerten. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass neue Produktionsstrukturen und Vertriebssysteme wahrscheinlich vor dem 2. Jahrhundert v. Chr. eingeführt wurden, und dass bestimmte Größen/Gewichte in der spezialisierten Erzeugung von Schweinefleisch ausgesucht wurden. Die Statur der Schweine und Rinder nimmt zunehmend vom s…
Fatal cranial injury in an individual from Messina (Sicily) during the times of the Roman Empire.
2013
Forensic and archaeological examinations of human skeletons can provide us with evidence of violence. In this paper, we present the patterns of two cranial lesions found on an adult male (T173) buried in a grave in the necropolis ‘Isolato 96’, Messina, Sicily, dating back to the Roman Empire (1st century BC - 1st century AD). The skull reveals two perimortem traumatic lesions, one produced by a sharp object on the right parietal bone and the other one on the left parietal bone, presumably the result of a fall. The interpretation of fracture patterns found in this cranium are an illustration of how forensic approaches can be applied with great benefit to archaeological specimens. 2013 Elsevi…
Aspetti tipo-cronologici e archeometrici delle ceramiche africane nel territorio di Cignana (Naro, AG, Sicilia)
2020
Il progetto di ricerca, condotto in cotutela tra l'Università di Palermo e Aix-Marseille Université, si basa sullo studio delle ceramiche africane importate in Sicilia tra la fine del I e il VII secolo d.C.. La ricerca si basa sui frammenti - tutte le classi incluse - raccolti dal gruppo di ricerca di Palermo durante le ricognizioni archeologiche nei dintorni della villa romana di Cignana (Agrigento) e nell'entroterra di Termini Imerese (Palermo). L'approccio multidisciplinare archeologico ed archeometrico, condotto in collaborazione con diversi specialisti di queste discipline, ha permesso di definire l'origine delle diverse produzioni e di riflettere sulla loro circolazione in Sicilia, in…
Entre forme d'habitat groupé et forme d'habitat dispersé : le cas intermédiaire d'une occupation rurale aux IIIe et IVe siècles ap. J.-C. entre Fragn…
2011
A diagnosis made in 2008 on a zone measuring 98 ha north-east of Chalon-sur-Saône has revealed a lane, a small funerary zone and four occupied areas incorporating buildings used for domestic and agricultural (barn) purposes used during the last two thirds of the 3rd century and the first half of the 4th century ad. The linear distribution of the remains over a distance of 1300 metres has stimulated lively interest and poses several questions regarding the exact nature of the occupation. One of the hypotheses put forward is that of a small agglomeration associated with a possible estate. Analysis relies on studies of ceramic and metallic objects and examination of sets of coins
Entre forme d’habitat groupé et forme d’habitat dispersé : le cas intermédiaire d’une occupation rurale aux IIIe-IVe siècles ap. J.C entre Fragnes et…
2008
International audience; Un diagnostic réalisé en 2008 sur une emprise de 98 ha, au nord-est de Chalon-sur-Saône, a mis au jour une voie, une petite zone funéraire, ainsi que quatre aires d’occupation témoignant de la présence de bâtiments à vocation domestique et agricole (grange) occupés des deux derniers tiers du IIIe siècle au milieu du IVe siècle ap. J.-C. La distribution linéaire des vestiges sur une longueur de 1 300 m suscite un vif intérêt et pose plusieurs questions quant à la nature exacte de l’occupation. L’identification d’une petite agglomération associée à un éventuel domaine foncier fait partie des hypothèses retenues. L’analyse s’appuie sur les études du mobilier céramique e…
Il sistema delle relazioni tra Magrib al-aqsa e mondo arabo-ottomano in epoca sa'diana. Il ruolo degli ulama' a partire dalla produzione biografica
2012
The history of Islam has always been characterized by a system of continuous osmosis and interactions between Arabic West (Maġrib) and East (Mašriq). This study aims at analyzing the peculiar system of relationships between al-Maġrib al-aqṣā and al-dawla al-'uṯmāniyya during the Sa'dian period (16th - 17th centuries). Starting from the unexplored outstanding Arabic literary production - mainly maġribian biographical dictionaries (tarāǧim) and travel accounts (riḥlāt) - the author focuses on the uninterrupted system of ties and contacts (rawābiṭ and ṣilāt) among maġribian and mašriqian 'ulamā' as well as on the modalities of transmission of knowledges within the Arab-Islamic World. Through t…