Search results for "Employment"
showing 10 items of 704 documents
Maternal Employment and Happiness: The Effect of Non-Participation and Part-Time Employment on Mothers' Life Satisfaction
2009
"In contrast to unemployment, the effect of non-participation and parttime employment on subjective well-being has much less frequently been the subject of economists' investigations. In Germany, many women with dependent children are involuntarily out of the labor force or in part-time employment because of family constraints (e.g., due to lack of available and appropriate childcare). Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) Study, this paper analyzes the impact of involuntary familyrelated non-participation and part-time employment on mothers' life satisfaction. Controlling for unobserved individual fixed effects, I find that both the pecuniary effects (foregone earnings) an…
What Explains Prevalence of Informal Employment in European Countries: The Role of Labor Institutions, Governance, Immigrants, and Growth
2011
This paper looks into institutional and other macro determinants of prevalence of informal dependent employment, as well as informal self-employment, in European countries, using European Social Survey data on work without legal contract in on 30 countries, covering years 2004-2009. Consistently with theoretical predictions, quality of business environment has a significant negative impact on prevalence of both types of informal employment. The share of non-contracted employees is negatively affected by perceived quality of public services and positively related to economic growth. Informal self-employment is positively related to growth in Europe at large, as well as in Eastern and Souther…
Personality and Labour Market Income: Evidence from Longitudinal Data
2010
This study contributes to the literature on how personality is rewarded in the labour market by examining the relationship between personality and labour market income. Our results suggest that adulthood extraversion is positively associated with income when education, work experience, and unemployment history, measured prospectively from longitudinal data, are controlled for. In addition, childhood constructiveness indicating active and well-controlled behaviour has a positive association with income in adulthood.
Determinants of inter-regional migration in the Baltic countries
2003
We show that Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania despite small geographical size feature considerable and persistent regional disparities. Registered migration rates have declined dramatically since the last years of Soviet era, yet they are high by international standards. Evidence from regional inflows and outflows in Latvia and from Estonian labour force survey is used to show that regional unemployment and especially wage differentials, as well as demographic factors, have a significant impact both on gross and net migration flows. Age and education effects are consistent with predictions of the human capital model of migration. Unemployed persons, as well as commuters between regions, are si…
Business Model Choice for Latvian Public Employment Service: What is the Best for Labour Force Competitiveness?
2015
AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of advantages and disadvantages of different business models for public employment services (hereafter - PES) aiming to determine the model most suitable for the Latvian labour markets.The study identifies strengths and weaknesses of performance monitoring systems applied by Latvian, Estonian and Danish PES, especially in the area of the implementation of active labour market policies and suggests a set of indicators which may be used for evaluation of PES influence on the performance of the labour market in light of the EU growth strategy “Europe 2020”.The study starts with a review of the theoretical and empirical literature on the impa…
CHILDHOOD ADVERSITIES AND HOME ATMOSPHERE AS DETERMINANTS OF DISABILITY AND UNEMPLOYMENT PENSION
2017
Childhood adversities have been linked with adverse life events, but less is known about the long-term effects of childhood home atmosphere in terms of work career. We investigated whether childhood adversities and home atmosphere were associated with disability or unemployment pension. In the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (born 1934–44), 2001 cohort members had data available on 9 childhood home atmosphere items e.g. whether it was supportive or warm (sum score 0–36, higher score indicating more favorable atmosphere), and 9 childhood adversities e.g. unemployment, parent’s long-term illness or divorce (sum score 0–9, coded into no; one; and two or more) assessed in 2001–04. Of those, 1528 ha…
Self-employment transitions and alternation in Finnish rural and urban labour markets
2008
. This paper deals with the transitions and alternation between self-employment, paid-employment and non-employment in Finland in 1987–1999, paying special attention to differences in self-employment dynamics between areas characterized by different labour market conditions, viz. rural and urban locations. Markovian analysis reveals significant differences by the type of area in the processes of transition between the three labour market states. Alternation between self-employment and other labour markets states turns out to be greater in rural than urban areas. Five major types of alternating working careers are identified. The type of area is importantly related to alternating working ca…
Post-Enlargement Return Migrants' Earnings Premium: Evidence from Latvia
2008
The paper exploits a recent survey of over ten thousand economically active residents of Latvia; about 5% of respondents have worked abroad over the last three years, while 12% have family members with such experience. Post-enlargement labor migration from Latvia has been predominantly low-skilled, yet return migrants when compared to stayers are, on average, more educated and less likely to work as unskilled manuals. We combine instrumental variable and propensity score matching methods to study the effect of foreign experience on earnings. Results suggest that return migrants are neither positively nor negatively selected in terms of earnings. However, after controlling for worker demogra…
Regional labor markets in Finland: Adjustment to total versus region-specific shocks
2005
This article analyses regional labor market adjustment in the Finnish provinces during 1976-2000. We investigate the inter-relations of employment, unemployment, labor force participation, and migration to see how a change in region-specific and total labor demand is adjusted. The analysis reveals that region-specific labor demand shocks adjust mainly via participation, whereas total shocks are adjusted by unemployment. The region-specific component of labor demand shock has shorter-lived effects on unemployment and participation, but its effect on employment is permanent. Conversely, total shocks leave no permanent effect. Migration is more important in the region-specific case where, afte…
Overqualified Employees: Making the Best of a Potentially Bad Situation for Individuals and Organizations
2011
One of the “truisms” of personnel selection is that overqualified applicants are likely to be a poor fit and thus experience low job satisfaction and performance and higher turnover. Recently, the issue of overqualification has come to the forefront because of the economic downturn, especially in some European Union countries where unemployment rates are extremely high. However, empirical research on overqualification in the industrial–organizational/organizational behavior literature is limited. In this article, we argue that although there may be drawbacks to overqualification for both organizations and employees, overqualification may also provide a number of positive outcomes for worker…