Search results for "Employment"
showing 10 items of 704 documents
Unemployment Flows in Finland, 1969-95: A Time Series Analysis
1998
We adopt a flow approach to analyse Finnish unemployment experience during the last three decades. In addition to data on short-term and total outflow and inflow rates from a relatively long period beginning in 1969, we also have data on duration-specific outflow rates for the period 1984 I–96 II which encompasses the spectacular increase in unemployment in the early nineties. The empirical study shows that both the inflow and the outflow is mainly driven by variation in job opportunities. For a given vacancy-unemployment ratio, the outflow rate has fallen because of changes in unemployment compensation, demographic structure and emigration. The outflow has been only marginally affected by …
Institutions, Incentives and Trade Union Membership
1997
The study investigates the determinants of unionization in a country — Finland — where union density, defined as the number of unionized members divided by the labour force, has risen 60 percentage points in 32 years, from 22 percent in 1960 to 82 percent in 1992. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the background information obtained from surveys inquiring why individuals join a union. The empirical analysis for the period 1962–92 shows that the model is capable of explaining long-run trends in union density in a very satisfactory manner. The results imply that institutional features of the labour market, characterized by the benefit mark-up variable and a dummy variable cap…
Unemployment Determinants for Women in Spain
2000
Spain has one of the highest rates of unemployment among OECD countries. Some explanations for this stress the importance of unemployment duration compared with entry rates to the unemployment pool. Long-term unemployment rates are particularly high among women in Spain. The object of this paper is to investigate the determinants of unemployment duration among women. It will consider personal characteristics (education and age), family background, socio-economic variables (the number of household earners and household income) and the effect of unemployment benefits, using data from the Household Expenditure Survey 1990-91.
Recruitment through migrant social networks from Latvia to the United Kingdom: Motivations, processes and developments
2015
A burgeoning body of literature exists in relation to the role of social networks in connecting migrant workers with employment opportunities, particularly in lower wage jobs. This evidence points to social networks being an attractive recruitment channel from the perspective of both migrants seeking employment and employers seeking employees. This analysis presents a wide breadth of original material, which examines recruitment through social networks from the perspective of both migrants and employers. This includes data drawn from an extensive mixed methods approach involving a novel online survey of Latvian migrants in the UK and face-to-face interviews with British low-wage employers. …
Effects of Raising Minimum Wage: Theory, Evidence and Future Challenges
2013
Abstract Minimum wage is one of the most studied topics in economics. This paper examines some of the most important issues related to the effects of raising minimum wage, based on new contributions in theoretical and empirical research, roughly since 2008. Our purpose was to find in the literature an explanation for the recent raise of minimum wage, in some European Union countries and United States and to identify possible effects of this evolution. Most of the studies point little or no employment response to modest increases in the minimum wage, but we argue there are some other effects to consider.
When is there more employment, with individual or collective wage bargaining?
2019
Abstract In a standard Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides labour market with frictions, the authors seek to determine when there is more employment with individual wage bargaining than with collective wage bargaining, using a wage equation generated by the standard total surplus sharing rule. Using a Cobb-Douglas production function, they find that if the bargaining power of the individual is high compared to the bargaining power of the union, there is more unemployment with individual wage setting and vice versa. When the individual worker and the union have the same bargaining power, if the cost of opening a vacancy is sufficiently high, there is more unemployment with individual wage setting. …
El Estatuto de los Trabajadores Autónomos: cuadro comparativo entre las diversas propuestas articuladas en España
2005
This article draws comparisons between the various different proposals put forward for the creation of a self-employment law in Spain. The first of these proposals has been drawn up by an Expert Committee appointed by the Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs and the other three, by organizations representing self-employed workers in Spain: the Professional Union of Self-employed Workers (Unión Profesional de Trabajadores Autónomos - UPTA), the Professional Association of Self-employed Workers and Businesspeople (Asociación Profesional de Empresarios y Trabajadores Autónomos - ASNEPA) and the National Federation of the Association of Self-employed Workers (Federación Nacional de la Asoc…
Start Spreading the News: A Comparative Experiment on the Effects of Populist Communication on Political Engagement in Sixteen European Countries
2018
Although populist communication has become pervasive throughout Europe, many important questions on its political consequences remain unanswered. First, previous research has neglected the differential effects of populist communication on the Left and Right. Second, internationally comparative studies are missing. Finally, previous research mostly studied attitudinal outcomes, neglecting behavioral effects. To address these key issues, this paper draws on a unique, extensive, and comparative experiment in sixteen European countries (N = 15,412) to test the effects of populist communication on political engagement. The findings show that anti-elitist populism has the strongest mobilizing eff…
Promoting youth entrepreneurship and employability through non-formal and informal learning: the Latvia case
2019
This paper presents some results of the research on ‘Adult education resources to reduce youth unemployment’, which is a part of the project ‘Implementation of the European agenda for adult learning’. The research applies a mixed-method approach (quantitative and qualitative data analysis). The purpose of the paper is to identify the most/least-efficient non-formal and informal learning methods, forms, and initiatives to promote youth entrepreneurship and employability in Latvia as well as to show the relationship between the profile of young adults and their opinion on these methods, forms, and initiatives. The findings show that the young adults stressed the importance of cooperation with…
Selection into long-term unemployment and its psychological consequences
2000
The factors which predict a person’s long-term unemployment were studied within the framework of an emotional and behavioural regulation model consisting of two orthogonal dimensions: behavioural inhibition versus expression, and low versus high self-control of emotions (Pulkkinen, 1995, 1996). The participants were drawn from the ongoing Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, in which the same individuals have been followed up from age 8 ( n = 369) to 36 ( n = 311). In the present study, data collected at ages 8, 14, 27, and 36 were used. The findings showed that low self-control of emotions, especially aggression, at age 8 directly predicted long-term unemplo…