Search results for "Employment"
showing 10 items of 704 documents
Programs' Efficacy to Develop Employable Skills for People With Functional Diversity: A Meta-Analysis
2021
Purpose: Promoting the labour integration of people with functional diversity is a key element to achieve their social inclusion. This meta-analysis aims to examine the effectiveness of experimental programs in developing employable skills for people with disabilities. Methods: Literature searches up to June 2019 were conducted in four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and ERIC). Studies that met the following criteria were selected: (1) The program should develop employable skills; (2) the participants should be people with functional diversity; (3) the study should have a design with an experimental group and a control group as well as pretest and posttest measurements; (4) the …
Measuring agglomeration by spatial effects: a proposal
2015
In this paper we examine the influence of spatial dependence on the estimation of the effect of standard measures of agglomeration on local growth. The hypothesis is that the forces of agglomeration do not use up their effects inside a single local area but extend to wider geographic areas, particularly on the adjacent territories. To account for these spatial effects, we propose a modification of the traditional agglomeration index, suggested by Maurel and Sedillot (1999), including both agglomeration of economic activity within an area and neighbour effects, that is, the effect of agglomeration that comes from neighbouring areas. In the empirical exercise we compute the a-spatial and the …
Le competenze statistiche dei laureati italiani alla prova del mercato del lavoro
2019
The statistical skills of Italian graduates in the labor market test · This paper analyses the difference in placement output between graduates in Statistics and others. In particular we focus our attention on the difference in socio-economic and labour market characteristics of graduates having specific skills in method and approach in Statistics, and graduates who during their university courses studied Statistics (almost 10% of hours of their subjects). Data are driven from The AlmaLaurea Graduates’ Employment Status, monitoring of graduates’ access to the labour market within 1 year and 5 years after graduation. It is a very important tool for evaluating the effectiveness of the academi…
The shadow economy in three Mediterranean countries: France, Spain and Greece. A MIMIC approach
2007
This paper offers estimations of the evolution of the shadow economy in three Mediterranean countries, namely France, Spain and Greece. A multiple indicators and multiple causes model based on the latent variable structural theory has been applied. As established by Giles (Working paper on monitoring the health of the tax system, 1995), filtered data to solve the non-stationary problems are used. The model includes the tax burden (both as a whole and disaggregated into direct taxes, indirect taxes and social security contributions), a proxy of regulation burden, theu nemployment rate and self-employment as causes of the shadow economy and the GDP growth rate, the labour force participation …
Testing for hysteresis in unemployment in OECD countries. New evidence using stationarity panel tests with breaks†
2006
This paper tests hysteresis effects in unemployment using panel data for 19 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries covering the period 1956–2001. The tests exploit the cross-sectional variations of the series, and additionally, allow for a different number of endogenous breakpoints in the unemployment series. The critical values are simulated based on our specific panel sizes and time periods. The findings stress the importance of accounting for exogenous shocks in the series and support the natural-rate hypothesis of unemployment for the majority of the countries analysed.
A spatial analysis of Italian unemployment differences
2008
Using spatial econometric models, this paper focuses attention on the spatial structure of provincial unemployment disparities of Italian provinces for the year 2003. On the basis of findings from the economic literature and of the available socio-economic data, various model specifications including supply- and demand-side variables are tested. Further we use ESDA analysis as equivalent to integration analysis on time series; therefore it is applied on each variable, dependent and independent, involved in the statistical model. The suggestions of ESDA lead us to the most adequate statistical model, which estimates indicate that there is a significant degree of neighbouring effect (i.e. pos…
The Effects of Labor and Product Market Reforms: The Role of Macroeconomic Conditions and Policies
2018
The paper estimates the dynamic macroeconomic effects of labor and product market reforms on output, employment and productivity, and explores how these vary with prevailing macroeconomic conditions and policies. We apply a local projection method to a new dataset of major country- and country-sector-level reform shocks in various areas of labor market institutions and product market regulation covering 26 advanced economies over the past four decades. Product market reforms are found to raise productivity and output, but gains materialize only slowly. The impact of labor market reforms is primarily on employment, but it varies across types of reforms and depends on overall business cycle c…
Latvia: Both Sides of the Economic Recovery Success Story
2016
Latvian social policy is close to the neoliberal model of the welfare state based on macroeconomic indicators of low welfare state spending, high income inequality, low minimum wage and low degree of decommodification. Latvia was among the first countries to be stung by the crisis in 2008. Key words became: austerity, fiscal consolidation and structural adjustment measures. A minimum social safety network was introduced to improve targeted social support. Funding from the European Social Fund was instrumental in mitigating unemployment, facilitating a large temporary works programme. Latvia joined the Euro zone in 2014 and is quite successfully returning loans. Such is one side of the succe…
Factors of Development of the Management of the Design Education in Latvia
2015
<p>The author proceeds with the discussion of significant problems in design industry and education in Europe and Latvia. This research is devoted to several important aspects in the development of design education in Latvia. Design education which is mainly based on the meaning of design as an aesthetic component of products, environment or communication, includes only a narrow range of specializations in the traditional fields of design. This concept affects the structure of design education and an beliefs of the areas in which designers will be able to work. Insufficiency of public awareness and understanding of the essence of design results in limited demand of design products and…
Heterogeneous Displacement Effects of Migrant Labor Supply – Quasi-Experimental Evidence From Germany
2019
We provide estimates of the effect of migrant labor supply on resident employment. We exploit variation in the number of asylum seekers eligible to the suspension of a major hiring restriction implemented in a subset of German counties. Our difference-in-difference design allows us to provide evidence from a labor supply shock of migrants on local markets net of their additional spending at arrival that might mask labor market displacement effects. Despite this, we do not find a negative effect on employment growth of natives but only on other foreign residents. This also holds for unskilled employees. Therefore, our findings can be interpreted as the consequence of differential substitutab…