Search results for "Endocannabinoids"

showing 5 items of 95 documents

Age-related changes in the endocannabinoid system in the mouse hippocampus.

2015

Previous studies have demonstrated that the endocannabinoid system significantly influences the progression of brain ageing, and the hippocampus is one of the brain regions most vulnerable to ageing and neurodegeneration. We have further examined age-related changes in the hippocampal endocannabinoid system by measuring the levels of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in young and old mice from two different mouse strains. We found a decrease in 2-AG but not AEA levels in aged mice. In order to identify the cause for 2-AG level changes, we investigated the levels of several enzymes that contribute to synthesis and degradation of 2-AG in the hippocampus. We found a selective …

medicine.medical_specialtyAgingPolyunsaturated Alkamides2-ArachidonoylglycerolHippocampusmetabolism [Hippocampus]Arachidonic AcidsHippocampal formationBiologyHippocampusGlycerideschemistry.chemical_compoundMicepathology [Aging]Internal medicinemetabolism [Arachidonic Acids]medicineanandamideAnimalsglyceryl 2-arachidonateddc:610metabolism [Aging]NeurodegenerationAnandamidemedicine.diseasemetabolism [Endocannabinoids]Endocannabinoid systemMonoacylglycerol lipaseLipoprotein Lipasepathology [Hippocampus]metabolism [Polyunsaturated Alkamides]EndocrinologychemistryAgeingphysiopathology [Hippocampus]lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)metabolism [Lipoprotein Lipase]metabolism [Glycerides]Developmental BiologyEndocannabinoidsMechanisms of ageing and development
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Hardwiring the Brain: Endocannabinoids Shape Neuronal Connectivity

2007

The roles of endocannabinoid signaling during central nervous system development are unknown. We report that CB 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB 1 Rs) are enriched in the axonal growth cones of γ-aminobutyric acid–containing (GABAergic) interneurons in the rodent cortex during late gestation. Endocannabinoids trigger CB 1 R internalization and elimination from filopodia and induce chemorepulsion and collapse of axonal growth cones of these GABAergic interneurons by activating RhoA. Similarly, endocannabinoids diminish the galvanotropism of Xenopus laevis spinal neurons. These findings, together with the impaired target selection of cortical GABAergic interneurons lacking CB 1 Rs, identify endoc…

medicine.medical_specialtyCannabinoid receptorGrowth ConesSynaptogenesisXenopus ProteinsBiologyRats Sprague-DawleyMiceXenopus laevisReceptor Cannabinoid CB1ChemorepulsionCell MovementInterneuronsInternal medicineCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsmedicineAnimalsAxonGrowth coneCells CulturedIn Situ Hybridizationgamma-Aminobutyric AcidUltrasonographyCerebral CortexMicroscopy ConfocalMultidisciplinaryStem Cellsmusculoskeletal neural and ocular physiologyEndocannabinoid systemAxonsRatsMice Inbred C57BLEndocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structurenervous systemSynapsesGABAergiclipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Axon guidanceNeuroscienceEndocannabinoidsSignal TransductionScience
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The identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-independent effects of oleoylethanolamide on intestinal transit in mice

2009

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid produced in the intestine that mediates satiety by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). OEA inhibits gastric emptying and intestinal motility, but the mechanism of action remains to be determined. We investigated whether OEA inhibits intestinal motility by activation of PPARalpha. PPARalpha immunoreactivity was examined in whole mount preparations of mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The effect of OEA on motility was assessed in wildtype, PPARalpha, cannabinoid CB(1) receptor and CB(2) receptor gene-deficient mice and in a model of accelerated GI transit. In addition, the effect of OEA on motility was as…

medicine.medical_specialtyPhysiologymedicine.medical_treatmentTRPV Cation ChannelsMotilityOleic AcidsBiologydigestive systemReceptor Cannabinoid CB2MiceOleoylethanolamidechemistry.chemical_compoundReceptor Cannabinoid CB1Glucagon-Like Peptide 1Internal medicinemedicineAnimalsPPAR alphaReceptorMice KnockoutGastric emptyingEndocrine and Autonomic Systemsdigestive oral and skin physiologyGastroenterologyImmunohistochemistryEndocannabinoid systemEndocrinologyMechanism of actionchemistrylipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)CannabinoidPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alphamedicine.symptomGastrointestinal MotilityEndocannabinoids
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Endocannabinoid anandamide mediates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

2013

Endocannabinoids are important regulators of organ homeostasis. Although their role in systemic vasculature has been extensively studied, their impact on pulmonary vessels remains less clear. Herein, we show that the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) is a key mediator of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) via fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-dependent metabolites. This is underscored by the prominent vasoconstrictive effect of AEA on pulmonary arteries and strongly reduced HPV in FAAH(-/-) mice and wild-type mice upon pharmacological treatment with FAAH inhibitor URB597. In addition, mass spectrometry measurements revealed a clear increase of AEA and the FAAH-dependent metabolite arac…

medicine.medical_specialtyPolyunsaturated Alkamidesmedicine.medical_treatmentHypertension PulmonaryBlotting WesternMyocytes Smooth MuscleArachidonic AcidsBiologyAmidohydrolaseschemistry.chemical_compoundMiceFatty acid amide hydrolaseInternal medicineHypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictionmedicineAnimalsHypoxiaLungDNA PrimersMice KnockoutAnalysis of VarianceMultidisciplinaryReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionAnandamideHypoxia (medical)URB597Biological Sciencesmedicine.diseaseEndocannabinoid systemPulmonary hypertensionImmunohistochemistryEndocrinologynervous systemchemistryVasoconstrictionBenzamideslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)CannabinoidCarbamatesmedicine.symptompsychological phenomena and processesChromatography LiquidEndocannabinoidsSignal Transduction
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Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Mediated Induction of Intracellular Signaling Pathways and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression Is Inhibited …

2005

CRH receptor (CRHR) 1 and the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) are both G protein-coupled receptors. Activation of CRHR1 leadstoincreasesincAMPproductionandphosphorylationof the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). In contrast, CB1 is negatively coupled to the cAMP signaling cascade. In this study, we analyzed a putative interaction between these two systems focusing on the regulation of the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a CREB-regulated gene. In situ hybridization revealed coexpression of CRHR1 and CB1 receptors in the granular layer of the cerebellum. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of CRH and the CB1 agonist WIN-55,212-2 on BDNF expr…

medicine.medical_specialtyTime FactorsCorticotropin-Releasing HormoneMorpholinesmedicine.medical_treatmentImmunoblottingEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayTropomyosin receptor kinase BNaphthalenesCREBModels BiologicalRats Sprague-DawleyMiceEndocrinologyNeurotrophic factorsCerebellumInternal medicineCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsCyclic AMPmedicineAnimalsRNA MessengerCyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinReceptorEgtazic AcidCells CulturedIn Situ HybridizationNeuronsBrain-derived neurotrophic factorSulfonamidesbiologyReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorCalcium Channel BlockersIsoquinolinesEndocannabinoid systemBenzoxazinesRatsMice Inbred C57BLPyrimidinesEndocrinologynervous systembiology.proteinCalciumCannabinoidSignal transductionEndocannabinoidsProtein BindingSignal TransductionEndocrinology
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