Search results for "Endocrine System"
showing 10 items of 1530 documents
Primary Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasms: New Concepts Concerning Origin, Pathogenesis and Classification Based on Morphology, Immunomarkers, Molecular F…
2011
The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of ovarian tumors, which first appeared in 1983 and since then has undergone a number of revisions, is based on morphologic features as well as on the concept that each category of ovarian tumors develops from a specific ovarian cell. According to this histogenetic classification, all the epithelial ovarian neoplasms are derived from the ovarian surface epithelium and/or from ovarian inclusion cysts, which are lined by the above epithelial cells. In recent years, a new approach to morphologic data, increasing presumptive evidence that the cell of origin of most, if not all, ovarian epithelial tumors may be extraovarian, especially from fall…
Chapter 20 Multiple messenger candidates and marker substances in the mammalian Merkel cell – axon complex: a light and electron microscopic immunohi…
1988
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses multiple messenger candidates and marker substances in the mammalian merkel cell—axon complex. According to the APUD theory, cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) are essentially characterized by containing amines, peptides and marker substances like neuronspecific enolase (NSE) and chromogranin A (CGA). By the comparison of the histotopography of immunostained peptides, CGA and neuroendocrine markers, there was an expectation to find out the most appropriate immunohistochemical marker of the Merkel cell and to get further insight into the complex chemo-anatomy and possible functional spectrum of the Merkel cell -axon complex at various d…
Thyroïdites : où en est-on en 2019 ?
2020
Thyroiditis is a frequent and mostly benign disease that can sometimes disrupt the thyroid balance. Their diagnosis, as well as their aetiology, is a necessary step in the management of the patients. Painful thyroiditis includes acute thyroiditis of infectious origin and subacute thyroiditis. The first one can be treated by antibiotics or antifungals depending on the germ found. The second one will be treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids. In cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with overt hypothyroidism, replacement therapy with L-thyroxine will be adapted to the TSH level. As amiodarone treatment provides dysthyroidism, the thyroid status should be monitored re…
Recovery of Historically Contaminated Watercourse Polluted by the Chemical Wood Industry: EROD Activity in Fish as Biomarker
2013
Despite outstanding process alterations over decades, pulp- and paper-mill-contaminated sediments and continuing exposure by the effluents may still have effects on biota. In this study, ecotoxicological impacts in the boreal watercourse were analyzed by measuring ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction from wild fish populations and from experimentally exposed fish. In order to assess the role of sediment-borne chemicals, juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed in the laboratory to the surface sediments of Lake Vatianjarvi and Southern Lake Saimaa, both watercourses impacted by the chemical wood industry for approximately a century. Hepatic EROD activity was also me…
New biological aspects of Chromogranin A-derived peptides: Focus on vasostatins
2007
Chromogranin A (CgA), one component of the granin family, represents the major soluble protein co-stored and co-released with catecholamines, within chromaffin cells secretory granules. It is considered a diagnostic and prognostic marker of several diseases, including a variety of tumours and cardiac heart failure. It also represents a precursor of biologically active fragments, generated after proteolytic cleavage at the level of the multiple pairs of dibasic sites which enrich its sequence. CgA, and its derived fragments show an old evolutionary history being ubiquitously present throughout the animal word, from mammals to invertebrates. Their biological functions include control of hormo…
Heterogeneous responses of nucleus incertus neurons to corticotrophin-releasing factor and coherent activity with hippocampal theta rhythm in the rat
2013
The nucleus incertus (NI) of the rat hindbrain is a putative node in the ascending control of the septohippocampal system and hippocampal theta rhythm and is stress and arousal responsive. NI contains GABA neurons that express multiple neuropeptides, including relaxin-3 (RLN3) and neuropeptide receptors, including corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor-1 (CRF-R1), but the precise anatomical and physiological characteristics of NI neurons are unclear. Therefore, we examined the firing properties of NI neurons and their responses to CRF, the correlation of these responses with occurrence of relaxin-3, and NI neuron morphology in the rat. Most NI neurons excited by intracerebroventricular CR…
The Use of Electron Microscopy and Stereology in the Study of the Mammalian Pineal Gland
1983
Now that transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used for many years to study the pineal gland it is timely to evaluate what progress has been achieved by using this technique and to speculate which aspects of pineal research may benefit most by its application in the future.
Ontogeny of gonadotropin releasing hormone and gonadotropin immunoreactivity in brain and pituitary of normal and estrogen-treated guppies, Poecilia …
1987
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropic hormone (GTH) were identified by immunohistochemistry in the brains and pituitaries of neonate, juvenile and adult guppies. GTH was present in some cells of the pars intermedia (pi) and proximal pars distalis (ppd) of all animals. GnRH was found in the perikarya of the nucleus olfactoretinalis. In the pituitaries of juvenile 30-day-old guppies, GnRH-immunoreactive cells existed in a "juvenile pattern", whereas in adult animals GnRH was recognized in only a few cells. GnRH-immunoreactive fibers were seen in the pituitaries of animals that were 30 days or older. In adult guppies, the ventral and lateral ppd (the gonadotropic region) conta…
Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors: From Signaling to Clinical Applications in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
2021
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous neoplasms which arise from neuroendocrine cells that are distributed widely throughout the body. Although heterogenous, many of them share their ability to overexpress somatostatin receptors (SSTR) on their cell surface. Due to this, SSTR and somatostatin have been a large subject of interest in the discovery of potential biomarkers and treatment options for the disease. The aim of this review is to describe the molecular characteristics of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors and its application in diagnosis and therapy on patients with NENs as well as the use in the near future of somatostatin antagonists.
Extensive nuclear gyration and pervasive non-genic transcription during primordial germ cell development in zebrafish.
2020
ABSTRACT Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of germ cells, which migrate to the genital ridge during early development. Relatively little is known about PGCs after their migration. We studied this post-migratory stage using microscopy and sequencing techniques, and found that many PGC-specific genes, including genes known to induce PGC fate in the mouse, are only activated several days after migration. At this same time point, PGC nuclei become extremely gyrated, displaying general broad opening of chromatin and high levels of intergenic transcription. This is accompanied by changes in nuage morphology, expression of large loci (PGC-expressed non-coding RNA loci, PERLs) that ar…