Search results for "Endocrine System"
showing 10 items of 1530 documents
Locust neuropeptides stimulating sex pheromone production in female European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis
1990
Abstract The presence of a pheromonotropically active hormone (PBAN-like substance) from locust organs, ( Locusta migratoria ) has been demonstrated. Extracts of brain, corpora cardiaca, corpora allata, suboesophageal ganglia and thoracic ganglia of L. migratoria caused highly pheromonotropic responses in decapitated females of the European corn borer moth ( Ostrinia nubilalis ). The highest activity per unit weight of tissue was found in the corpora cardiaca and corpora allata of the locust followed by the brain plus suboesophageal ganglion of O. nubilalis . Following 8 days of disconnection, separating the corpora allata from the corpora cardiaca and suboesophageal ganglion, the pheromono…
Expression of neurotrophins, GDNF, and their receptors in rat thyroid tissue
1999
Levels of mRNA for neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF; neurotrophin 3, NT-3; neurotrophin 4, NT-4) and their receptors (trkA, trkB, trkC) and for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptors (ret, GDNFR-alpha) were measured in rat thyroid tissue by ribonuclease protection assays. In thyroid tissue the NT-3 mRNA level was threefold lower and the NT-4 mRNA level sixfold higher than those detected in adult rat hippocampus, while BDNF mRNA was undetectable. Very low levels of mRNA for truncated trkB and trkC receptors and no catalytic trkA, trkB or trkC were found. In conclusion NT-3 and NT-4, but not the corresponding functional receptors, are expres…
Analysis of the Immune Status in Latvian Chernobyl Clean-up Workers with Nononcological Thyroid Diseases
2001
The aim of the present work was to characterize the immune status of 385 individuals who participated in the 1986–90 clean-up work of the after effects of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion. Fifty-nine Chernobyl clean-up workers developed the most common thyroid diseases; euthyroid nodular and diffuse goiter; 47 healthy blood donors were taken as controls. The levels of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM), the numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, T lymphocytes and their subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), B lymphocytes (CD19+), natural killer (NK) cells (CD16+), classical and alternative pathway activity of complement (CH50, APH50), the C3 split product C3d…
Developmental Abnormalities of the Thyroid
2010
Publisher Summary This chapter explores the abnormalities in the development of the thyroid gland during organogenesis referred to as thyroid dysgenesis. Permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is mentioned to be the most common congenital endocrine disorder as estimated from systematic biochemical screening of newborns. The functional disorders of the thyroid gland are known as thyroid dyshormonogenesis and this disorder is typically inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and common in populations with a high degree of consanguinity. It briefly reviews the single gene disorders that cause CH from thyroid dysgenesis, and mutations that activate the thyrotropin receptor (TSH) re…
Absence of mutations in the WT1 gene in patients with XY gonadal dysgenesis
1995
The WT1 gene is normally expressed during gonadal development and specific mutations in heterozygous form cause Drash syndrome, characterized by male pseudohermaphroditism and gonadal dysgenesis, renal failure and a predisposition for Wilms' tumour. These observations prompted us to test whether WT1 mutations are involved in isolated gonadal dysgenesis, being the most severe form of disturbance in gonadal differentiation. We studied 27 cases of 46,XY females with gonadal dysgenesis who had previously been screened for and found not to carry SRY gene mutations. We performed mutational screening of the WT1 gene with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. In one of these patients, a heterozy…
Groin and Testicle
2015
Ultrasound examination is the modality of choice for imaging most of the conditions of the groin and scrotal area in the pediatric population. Along with the more commonly known benefits of ultrasound as a fast, less expensive, noninvasive examination without radiation, readily available and reproducible, sonography of the groin and scrotum demonstrates high levels of specificity, sensitivity, and overall diagnostic accuracy. Ultrasound provides excellent anatomic detail and serves as an important and tremendously helpful imaging modality in all types of pediatric scrotal pathology.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in the guinea pig pineal organ.
1986
Relatively little is known about mammalian pineal neuropeptides. In the present study neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) was examined in the guinea pig pineal gland. NPY-LI was restricted to few intrapineal nerve fibers of faint fluorescence intensity. They showed no preferential localization with regard to the different pineal portions. As catecholaminergic fibers are abundant in the guinea pig pineal gland, the scarcity of NPY-LI fibers indicates that in the pineal colocalization of noradrenaline and NPY-LI is not a regular feature, in contrast to other organs. The possibility exists that in the pineal NPY-LI fibers are not of peripheral sympathetic but of central origin.
Cardiac changes in subclinical and overt hyperthyroid women: retrospective study
2003
This retrospective and descriptive 4-year study was undertaken to describe cardiac changes in subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism.We revised the charts of 386 consecutive cardiopathic women whose blood samples were referred to the Radioimmunoassay Laboratory to evaluate thyroid function from 1 January 1997 through 31 December 2000.After excluding women because euthyroid or hypothyroid, or taking amiodarone and women with hypertension, rheumatic disease, myocardial infarction, a total of 31 hyperthyroid women were thus selected for the study: 19 with subclinical hyperthyroidism and 12 with overt hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation did not differ between subclinical (48%)…
Depressive effect of LHRH on the numbers of "synaptic" ribbons and spherules in the pineal gland of diestrous rats.
1983
Previous studies have shown that LHRH or LHRH-like substances are present in the pineal gland. In order to investigate whether exogenous LHRH may affect the pineal gland, in the present study the effects of a single dose of LHRH (1 microgram, i.p.) on pineal "synaptic" ribbons and spherules as well as serum melatonin levels were examined in diestrous Wistar rats. One hour after the injection both ribbons and spherules exhibited a statistically significant decrease in number. Serum melatonin levels were not affected. It is concluded that humoral feedback mechanisms may exist between the hypothalamus and the pineal gland.
Trigeminal innervation of the mammalian pineal gland.
1999
There is evidence that the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglia innervate the mamma- lian pineal gland and serve in its regulation in addition to the sympathetic and cholinergic as well as further influences. By means of immunohistochemical methods, previous studies demonstrated fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP-LI) or substance P (SP) in the superficial pineal of various mammalian species. In addition, SP and the related tachykinin, neurokinin A, were detected by radioimmunoassay and HPLC, respectively, in the rat and human pineal gland. In the present study, retrograde neuronal tracing upon injection of a tracer substance into the superfical pineal gland of rats was used i…