Search results for "Endocrine System"
showing 10 items of 1530 documents
Chromogranin Serves as Novel Biomarker of Endocrine and Gastric Autoimmunity
2020
Abstract Context The glycoprotein chromogranin A (CgA) is expressed by endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. High levels of serum CgA serve as markers of neuroendocrine tumors (NET), but its role in autoimmunity has not been assessed. Objective To investigate CgA utility as a marker of endocrine autoimmunity. Methods CgA serum levels were evaluated in 807 consecutive unselected participants (cross-sectional study) with the time-resolved amplified cryptate emission technology. Results Serum CgA concentrations were increased in 66%, 39%, 38%, and 24% of patients with NET, type 1 diabetes (T1D), autoimmune gastritis (AG) and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (AP), respectively. Compared with healthy…
Stimulatory TSH-Receptor Antibodies and Oxidative Stress in Graves Disease
2018
CONTEXT: We hypothesized that TSH-receptor (TSHR) stimulating antibodies (TSAbs) are involved in oxidative stress mechanisms in patients with Graves disease (GD). METHODS: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, isoform 2 (NOX2); oxidative parameters; and oxidative burst were measured in serum, urine, and whole blood from patients with GD and control subjects. Superoxide production was investigated in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells stably overexpressing the TSHR. Lipid peroxidation was determined by immunodot-blot analysis for protein-bound 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) in human primary thyrocytes and HEK-293–TSHR cells. RESULTS: Serum NOX2 levels were markedly higher in …
Baseline gut microbiome composition predicts metformin therapy short-term efficacy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients
2020
BackgroundThe study was conducted to investigate the effects of metformin treatment on the human gut microbiome's taxonomic and functional profile in the Latvian population, and to evaluate the correlation of these changes with therapeutic efficacy and tolerance.MethodsIn this longitudinal observational study, stool samples for shotgun metagenomic sequencing-based analysis were collected in two cohorts. The first cohort included 35 healthy nondiabetic individuals (metformin dose 2x850mg/day) at three time-points during metformin administration. The second cohort was composed of 50 newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients (metformin dose-determined by an endocrinologist) at two concordant ti…
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas With and Without Rearrangements of the Tyrosine Kinase Receptors RET…
2005
Background The transforming capacities of RET and/or NTRK1 chimeric oncogenes as well as the molecular background of non-rearranged papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) remain to be elucidated. To assess altered gene expression, we examined PTCs with and without tyrosine kinase receptor rearrangements by mRNA differential display (DD). Materials and methods Six of 13 PTCs examined harbored RET chimeras (3× RET/PTC1, 1× RET/PTC3) and/or NTRK1 chimeras (2× trk, 1× TRK-T3, 2 unknown TRK hybrids). The method of DD analysis was refined by a novel fragment-recovery technique using a high-performance fluorescence scanner. Results Of 500 up- or down-regulated mRNA transcripts, 19 selected fragments …
Serum prolactin and tumors of the prostate: unchanged basal levels and lack of correlation to serum testosterone
1980
To investigate the possible role of circulatory levels of prolactin on the development of prostatic tumors, and to gain insight into the prolactin-androgen relationship, serum prolactin and testosterone were determined in 73 patients with newly diagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma. Controls consisted of 32 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia before treatment, 19 age-matched controls, and 21 young individuals. Hormones were measured under standardized conditions by highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays. There was no difference in prolactin in the elderly men regardless of prostate pathology, but a significant increment was found in young controls. Individual prolactin values d…
Gonadotropin Secretion in Eugonadotropic Human Males and Postmenopausal Females Under Long Term Application of a Potent Analog of Gonadotropin-Releas…
1978
Long-acting analogs are of special interest in long-term treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). However, inhibitory effects of agonist analogs on gonadotropin secretion or on reproductive processes have been observed in rats as well as in human males. Since these inhibitory effects seem to be dose-related, we checked the findings for d-Leu 6 -des-Gly 10 -GnRH-ethylamide within the dose range proposed by us for treatment. In six eugonadotropic human males, a significant decrease of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone responsiveness to a standard dose of GnRH and significant decrease of testosterone basal secretion were observed after 2 and 4weeks of subcutaneo…
BRCA1/BRCA2 rearrangements and CHEK2 common mutations are infrequent in Italian male breast cancer cases
2008
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare and poorly known disease. Germ-line mutations of BRCA2 and, to lesser extent, BRCA1 genes are the highest risk factors associated with MBC. Interestingly, BRCA2 germ-line rearrangements have been described in high-risk breast/ovarian cancer families which included at least one MBC case. Germ-line mutations of CHEK2 gene have been also implicated in inherited MBC predisposition. The CHEK2 1100delC mutation has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer in men lacking BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. Intriguingly, two other CHEK2 mutations (IVS2+1G>A and I157T) and a CHEK2 large genomic deletion (del9-10) have been associated with an elevated risk for prostate c…
Increased Risk of Catheter Colonization and Catheter-Related Infections in Severe Immunocompromized Patients with Multiple Myeloma Undergoing High-do…
1998
Catheter-related infections (CRI) are an important problem in medicine because of major consequences for treatment, prolongation of hospitalization and increasing therapy costs. Malignancies, immunodeficiency, severe burns and malnutrition compromise host defense. Studies to quantify the increased risk of CRI in immunocompromised patients are required. We analyzed the influence of immunoglobulin deficiency and high-dose glucocorticoid treatment in patients with multiple myeloma with regard to catheter colonization and CRI. In patients with multiple myeloma, central venous catheters (CVC) were significantly more frequently colonized (> 15 CFU) as compared to patients with other malignancies …
Effects of Intravenous Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone upon Sleep-Related Growth Hormone Surge and Sleep EEG in Man
1988
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a key role in coordinating neuroendocrine, metabolic and behavioral responses in stress and affective disorders. To further investigate the effects of enhanced pituitary-adrenocortical activity upon sleep-related phenomena we administered four intravenous injections of 50 micrograms human (h)-CRH or saline to 11 normal males at 10 p.m., 11 p.m., 12 p.m. and 1 a.m. and measured plasma levels of cortisol and growth hormone (GH) as well as sleep EEG recordings throughout the night. Treatment with h-CRH resulted in a significant increase of mean (+/- SEM) cortisol secretion between 11 p.m. and 3 a.m. (h-CRH: 100.6 +/- 9.5 ng/ml; saline: 39.0 +/- 1.5 n…
TESTICULAR SPERM EXTRACTION AND INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION
1998
We evaluate the efficacy of testicular sperm extraction and results of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in cases of nonobstructive azoospermia. In addition, we define predictive parameters for successful testicular sperm extraction in these patients.A total of 154 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia underwent multiple testicular biopsies to obtain testicular spermatozoa and for histopathological diagnosis. Results of testicular sperm extraction were related to suspected etiology of azoospermia, patient age, maximal testicular volume, serum follicle-stimulating hormone and histopathology. When testicular sperm extraction was successful, intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed.Spe…