Search results for "Endocrine System"

Fresh Human Orthotopic Ovarian Cortex Transplantation: Long-term Results

2006

An increasing number of young women are being diagnosed with cancer, and most cancer treatments have irreversibly negative effects on reproduction. Ovarian stimulation and preservation of oocytes or embryos is far from an ideal solution, in part because hormonal treatment may adversely affect some cancers. Another possibility is cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for later autotransplantation, but the ischemic damage caused by the procedure can lead to follicle loss. Using the ovarian medulla for orthotopic ovarian cortex transplantation might limit the risk of ischemia because the ovarian artery would assure a good blood supply. In addition, the medulla may have a role in follicular develo…

Mullarian-inhibiting substance reflects ovarian findings in women with polycystic ovary syndrome better than does inhibin-B

2005

Objective: To investigate Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as well as relationships to ovarian morphology, levels of inhibin B, and other reproductive hormones. Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Academic endocrinology centers in Palermo, Italy and New York. Patient(s): Forty-six women with PCOS, recruited on the basis of the classic criteria of chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, and 25 age-matched ovulatory controls. Intervention(s): Fasting blood was obtained in all subjects in the early follicular phase (days 5–6) after spontaneous or induced menses (in PCOS), and transvaginal ultrasounds were performed. Main Out…

Recent advances in computational design of potent aromatase inhibitors: open-eye on endocrine-resistant breast cancers.

2019

Introduction: The vast majority of breast cancers (BC) are estrogen receptor positive (ER+). The most effective treatments to fight this BC type rely on estrogen deprivation therapy, by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which performs estrogen biosynthesis, or on blocking the estrogens signaling path via modulating/degrading the estrogen's specific nuclear receptor (estrogen receptor-?, ER?). While being effective at early disease stage, patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) may acquire resistance and often relapse after prolonged therapies. Areas covered: In this compendium, after an overview of the historical development of the AIs currently in clinical use, and of the computati…

PTEN Mediates the Antioxidant Effect of Resveratrol at Nutritionally Relevant Concentrations

2014

Introduction.Antioxidant properties of resveratrol have been intensively studied for the last years, bothin vivoandin vitro. Its bioavailability after an oral dose is very low and therefore it is very important to make sure that plasma concentrations of free resveratrol are sufficient enough to be active as antioxidant.Aims.In the present study, using nutritionally relevant concentrations of resveratrol, we aim to confirm its antioxidant capacity on reducing peroxide levels and look for the molecular pathway involved in this antioxidant effect.Methods.We used mammary gland tumor cells (MCF-7), which were pretreated with different concentrations of resveratrol for 48 h, and/or a PTEN inhibit…

Antiproliferative activities of resveratrol and related compounds in human hepatocyte derived HepG2 cells are associated with biochemical cell distur…

2008

International audience; Resveratrol is a well known polyphenol largely produced in grapevine. It is a strong antioxidant and a free radical scavenger. It exhibits several beneficial effects for health including cancer. Resveratrol antioxidant activity is essential in the prevention of chemical-induced cancer by inhibiting initiation step of carcinogenesis process but it is also considered to inhibit cancer promotion and progression steps. While the effects of resveratrol on cancer cells are widely described, the data available on the antiproliferative potential of resveratrol derivatives remain weak. Nevertheless, resveratrol analogs could exhibit stronger potentials than the parent molecul…

2018 European Thyroid Association Guideline for the Management of Graves' Hyperthyroidism.

2018

Graves' disease (GD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by the infiltration of thyroid antigen-specific T cells into thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R)-expressing tissues. Stimulatory autoantibodies (Ab) in GD activate the TSH-R leading to thyroid hyperplasia and unregulated thyroid hormone production and secretion. Diagnosis of GD is straightforward in a patient with biochemically confirmed thyrotoxicosis, positive TSH-R-Ab, a hypervascular and hypoechoic thyroid gland (ultrasound), and associated orbitopathy. In GD, measurement of TSH-R-Ab is recommended for an accurate diagnosis/differential diagnosis, prior to stopping antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment and during p…

PACAP induces bradycardia in guinea-pig heart by stimulation of atrial cholinergic neurones

1996

Based on previous studies which indicated that pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) acts as a positive inotropic and chronotropic substance in different species via the cAMP signal transduction pathway, the objective of the present work was to investigate cAMP-regulated myocardial key proteins in response to PACAP in isolated ventricular cells of the guinea pig. Surprisingly, the two molecular forms of PACAP, PACAP(1-27) and PACAP(1-38), showed no effect on intracellular cAMP-levels, L-type Ca2+ channel current or phosphorylation of troponin inhibitor (TnI) and phospholamban (PLB). Additionally, inotropy of isolated guinea-pig ventricular strips was not affected by the neu…

B7.1 Costimulatory Molecule Is Expressed on Thyroid Follicular Cells in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, But Not in Graves’ Disease1

1998

The molecules of the B7 family play a major role in T-lymphocyte costimulation through interaction with their counterreceptors CD28 and CTLA4. In the present study, we analyzed the possible expression of B7 molecules on surgically removed thyroid tissue of patients with autoimmune [Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or Graves' disease (GD)] or nonautoimmune [nontoxic goiter (NTG) or papillary cancer (PC)] thyroid diseases. We found clear positivity of thyroid follicular cells for B7.1 in HT but not in GD, nor in nonautoimmune specimens (NTG, PC) using in situ analysis by alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique. Double immunostaining experiments in combination with an anti…

Das polyglanduläre Autoimmunsyndrom Typ II: Epidemiologie und Manifestationsformen

1999

Background and objective Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PAS), is characterized by the coexistence of several autoimmune diseases, affecting predominantly the endocrine glands. The juvenile form (PAS type I) is distinguished from the adult type II in which autoimmune thyroiditis, adrenal cortical insufficiency and diabetes mellitus type I predominate. The connections between epidemiological, clinical and immunological aspects were analysed and described in this study of patients with PAS type II. Patients and methods Among a total patient population of over 15,000 seen in our endocrinological university policlinic from 1992 through 1996, the clinical data of all 151 patients with PAS typ…

2013

Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan assembled into the vascular basement membranes (BMs) during vasculogenesis. In the present study we have investigated vessel formation in mice, teratomas and embryoid bodies (EBs) in the absence of perlecan. We found that perlecan was dispensable for blood vessel formation and maturation until embryonic day (E) 12.5. At later stages of development 40% of mutant embryos showed dilated microvessels in brain and skin, which ruptured and led to severe bleedings. Surprisingly, teratomas derived from perlecan-null ES cells showed efficient contribution of perlecan-deficient endothelial cells to an apparently normal tumor vasculature. However, in perlecan…