Search results for "Endosulfan"

Insecticide residues in cotton soils of Burkina Faso and effects of insecticides on fluctuating asymmetry in honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus).

2011

8 pages; International audience; Four insecticides (acetamiprid, cypermethrin, endosulfan and profenofos) are used quarterly in the cotton-growing areas of Burkina Faso, West Africa. These insecticides were investigated in soils collected from traditionally cultivated and new cotton areas. Also, the effects of insecticide exposure on the developmental instability of honey bees, Apis mellifera, were explored. In soil samples collected three months after insecticide treatments, endosulfan and profenofos concentrations varied in the range of 10-30μgkg(-1) in the traditionally cultivated zones and 10-80μgkg(-1) in the new cotton zones, indicating a pollution of agricultural lands. However, only…

Pesticide residues in oranges from Valencia (Spain)

2001

One hundred and fifty citrus samples from an agricultural co-operative of the Valencian Community (Spain) were analysed for pre- and post-harvest pesticide residues using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Among the residues from post-harvest treatments, imazalil was detected in 112 (74.7%) samples at a mean level of 1.2 mg/kg, thiabendazole in 21 (14.0%) samples at a mean level of 0.47 mg/kg and carbendazim in 5 (3.3%) samples at a mean level of 1.05 mg/kg. Among the residues from pre-harvest treatment, dicofol was detected in 28 (18.7%) samples at a mean level of .28 mg/kg chlorpyriphos in 19 (12.7% samples at a mean level of 0.16 mg/kg and endosulfan in 11 (7.…

Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Pesticides on the Feeding Behavior of Daphnia magna

1994

Daphnia magna was exposed to sublethal levels (1/4, 1/2, and 2/3 LC50 and LC50) of endosulfan and diazinon to determine the effect of these pesticides on filtration and ingestion rates. The experiments were performed with the unicellular algae Nannochloris oculata in a density of 5 x 10(5) cells/ml. Prior to these experiments, the acute toxicity of both pesticides was evaluated to calculate the LC50s. The 24-hr LC50 values were 0.62 mg/liter and 0.9 microgram/liter for endosulfan and diazinon, respectively. Rates of filtration and ingestion declined with increasing toxicant concentrations after a short exposure of 5 hr. The effective concentration at which feeding rates were reduced to 50% …

Demographic parameters of Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas (Rotifers) exposed to sublethal endosulfan concentrations

1991

The effects of sublethal levels of endosulfan (0, 1, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.3 mg 1−1) on the demography of the rotifer Brachionus calyciorus were studied. Life expectancy at birth (e o), net reproductive rate (Ro), generation time (T) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) were significant differentes between blank controls and controls with acetone. The effective endosulfan concentration at which a given parameter value was reduced to 50% of the controls (EC50) was calculated for life expectancy.

PERSISTENCE OF SOME PESTICIDES IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT

1992

Relationship between esterase activity and acrinathrin and methiocarb resistance in field populations of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occiden…

2006

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious pest in the south-east of Spain owing to its direct feeding on crops, transmission of the tomato spotted wilt virus and its very high level of resistance to insecticides. Mechanisms of resistance were examined using field populations of F. occidentalis with different susceptibilities to acrinathrin, methiocarb (selective insecticides), endosulfan, metamidophos and deltamethrin (broad-spectrum insecticides). Esterase activity towards alpha-naphthyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl acetate in resistant strains was significantly higher than in the reference strain (MLFOM) for both model substrates. This higher activity was…

Uptake and bioavailability of persistant organic pollutants by plants grown in contaminated soil

2005

This paper assesses the uptake of persistent organic pollutants (POP's) into plants. In particular, uptake of alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate from lettuce. The lettuce plants were grown on compost that had previously been contaminated at 10 and 50 microg g(-1) per POP. The soil was slurry spiked by adding the appropriate amount of POP in acetone in an approximate ratio of 1 ratio 2, w/v soil ratio solvent. The solvent was left to evaporate at ambient temperature for 24 hours. Lettuce plants were grown under artificial daylight for 12 hours a day. The influence of soil ageing on the recovery of POP's from spiked soil samples was also assessed. The average recovery of…

Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in West African City Farms: Banjul and Dakar Case Study

2003

Validated analytical procedures for the determination of 21 organochlorine pesticides have been applied to 74 water samples, 76 soil samples, and 160 vegetable samples from nine Sene-Gambian farms. Mean pesticide residue levels found were compared to the results of other studies. The main contaminants were DDTs in water (231.9 ng/L), in soil (71.4 ng/g), and in vegetables (5.03 ng/g). The distribution of pesticide residues in water and neighboring soils and the soil-plant transfer of these pesticides is briefly discussed. Different bioconcentration factors for sum HCHs, sum DDTs, and sum endosulfans obtained in this study allow us to confirm the complex processes already reported in the lit…

A Multiomics Study To Unravel the Effects of Developmental Exposure to Endosulfan in Rats: Molecular Explanation for Sex-Dependent Effects

2019

Exposure to low levels of environmental contaminants, including pesticides, induces neurodevelopmental toxicity. Environmental and food contaminants can reach the brain of the fetus, affecting brain development and leading to neurological dysfunction. The pesticide endosulfan is a persistent pollutant, and significant levels still remain detectable in the environment although its use is banned in some countries. In rats, endosulfan exposure during brain development alters motor activity, coordination, learning, and memory, even several months after uptake, and does so in a sex-dependent way. However, the molecular mechanisms driving these effects have not been studied in detail. In this wor…

Filtration and ingestion rates of brachionus calyciflorus after exposure to endosulfan and diazinon

1992

Abstract 1. Rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus were exposed to endosulfan and diazinon to determine the effect on nitration and ingestion rates. 2. The experiments were carried out with the algae Nannochloris oculata in a density of 5 × 105 cell/ml. 3. Rates of filtration and ingestion were decreased significantly at sublethal concentrations of pesticide tested after 5 hr exposure. 4. The effective concentration at which filtration and ingestion rates were reduced to 50% of those in controls ( ec 50) were calculated for both toxicants.