Search results for "Endothelial dysfunction"

Is oxidative stress a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease?

2010

An abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) have long been proposed to be the common pathogenetic mechanism of the endothelial dysfunction, resulting from diverse cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic smoking, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension. Superoxide produced by the nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, mitochondrial sources, or the xanthine oxidase may react with NO, thereby resulting in excessive formation of peroxynitrite, a reactive nitrogen species that has been demonstrated to accelerate the atherosclerotic process by causing d…

Interrelationships between oxidative stress and MMP-9 in subjects with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

2016

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular events and all-cause mortality and some studies have demonstrated that the incidence of cardiovascular events is related to its severity. Our aim was to examine the oxidative status and the matrix metalloproteases (MMP) profile in a group of subjects with OSAS. We enrolled 48 subjects with OSAS, defined after a 1-night cardiorespiratory sleep study, which were subsequently subdivided in two subgroups according to the severity of OSAS: mild-moderate OSAS = “Low”, severe OSAS = “High”. We measured the parameters of oxidative stress, such as l…

Glycaemic variability using continuous glucose monitoring and endothelial function in the metabolic syndrome and in Type 2 diabetes

2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 872–878 (2010) Abstract Aims  Subjects who are at increased risk of developing diabetes may have increased glycaemic variability associated with endothelial dysfunction and possibly subclinical atherosclerosis, which may lead to increased cardiovascular risk observed at the time of diabetes diagnosis. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured endothelial function, carotid intima-media thickness and glycaemic variability using 48-h continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring in 3 groups of overweight or obese subjects – those without the metabolic syndrome, and those with the metabolic syndrome with or without newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. Methods  Consecutive subjects, …

Time‐dependent induction of vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and high blood pressure by aircraft noise exposure in mi…

2020

Fetal programming as the cause of all the evils in adult humans: atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease included

2020

〈 Collection 2020/3 About us Imprint Open access Editorial board Contact Vision and mission Services Picture credits Disclaimer Congresses Job vacancies For readers Subscription Current issue Archives Search For authors Guidelines Copyright Submission Article types Supplements For advertisers Media data Portfolio Reader poll Reprints Offer Sales team Collection 2020/3 REVIEW ARTICLE Fetal programming as the cause of all the evils in adult humans: atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease included DOI: https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2020.02113 Publication Date: 11.06.2020 Cardiovasc Med. 2020;23:w02113 Balistreri Carmela R. Affiliationskeyboard_arrow_down Summary The theory of David Barker on …

2019

Background Endothelial dysfunction is a consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but it is unclear whether endothelial dysfunction of conductance versus resistance vessels may also precede type 2 diabetes mellitus development. Methods and Results In a population‐based cohort of 15 010 individuals from the GHS (Gutenberg Health Study) (aged 35–74 years at enrollment in 2007–2012), we identified 1610 cases of incident pre–diabetes mellitus and 386 cases of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus by hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) and/or medical history between 2012 and 2017. Endothelial function of conductance and resistance vessels was measured by flow‐mediated dilation and digital volume plethysmograp…

Factors Predisposing to Hypertension in Subjects Formerly Born Preterm: Renal Impairment, Arterial Stiffness, Endothelial Dysfunction or 
Something E…

2020

: Subjects formerly born preterm subsequently develop arterial - particularly isolated systolic- hypertension more frequently than their peers born at term. : Numerous factors may influence this predisposition, including an incomplete nephrogenesis, implying the presence of kidneys with a reduced number of nephrons and consequent reduction in haematic filtration, increased sodium absorption and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increased arterial rigidity produced by an elastin deficiency previously observed in anatomic specimens of human immature aorta, and reduced endothelial nitric oxide excretion, due to high blood levels of ADMA, a strong direct inhibitor of nitric o…

THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN HYPERTENSION

2019

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is currently considered to be a cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure elevation. A higher risk to develop hypertension in MS subjects with high-normal blood pressure has been observed and, when hypertension is established, seems to be what confers a higher cardiovascular risk on top of the risk induced by blood pressure elevation. Therefore, assessment of MS components can result in clinical utility strategy to manage hypertension based on individual risk. The main mechanisms for blood pressure elevation include overactivity of the sympathetic and the reninangiotensin system, abnormal renal sodium handling, and endothelial …

Nitrate therapy: new aspects concerning molecular action and tolerance.

2011

Although the short-term vasodilatory properties of organic nitrates are potent and well known, a number of vascular and extravascular changes have been shown to compromise their hemodynamic effects on long-term administration. Among these changes, systemic phenomena such as neurohormonal activation and intravascular volume expansion1 as well as specific vascular changes such as increased vascular superoxide (O2·−) production,2 increased sensitivity to vasoconstrictors,3 and decreased responsiveness to nitric oxide (NO) donors4,5 have long been identified as playing a role. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these abnormalities, and over the last 15 years, our groups have focus…

Increased nitrotyrosine plasma levels in relation to systemic markers of inflammation and myeloperoxidase in chronic heart failure

2009

The presence of a reciprocal link between inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress has been postulated in chronic heart failure (CHF). We aimed to determine signs of nitrosative stress in serum/plasma of CHF patients. ELISA tests were used for quantification of serum/plasma levels of Nitrotyrosine (NT), H(2)O(2), total NO, nitrite (NO(2)(-)), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (proBNP) in 66 CHF patients (9 in NYHA I, 34 NYHA II, 23 NYHA III) and in 14 age-matched healthy subjects. NT levels were higher in NYHA III CHF patients compared to NYHA II (p<0.05), NYHA I (p<0.03) and controls (p<0.02), whereas NO(2)(-) and total NO …