Search results for "Endothelium."

Vascular health in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis: assessment of endothelial function indices and serum biomarkers of vascular damage

2023

Background The cardiovascular risk (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is 1.5–2 times higher than that in individuals of the same age and sex. Aims To analyse the degree of endothelial dysfunction, the atherogenic immunoinflammatory serum background and the relationships among some vascular indices, cardiovascular comorbidities, and cognitive performance in subjects with RA. Patients and methods All consecutive patients with a rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis admitted to the Rheumatology Ward of “Policlinico Paolo Giaccone” Hospital of Palermo were enrolled from July 2019 to September 2020. We evaluated our patients’ cognitive functions by administering the Mini-Mental State Exam…

The interaction between circadian rhythms of endothelial function: resting versus recruitable endothelial function

2013

Prognostic role of endothelial dysfunction and carotid intima-media thickness in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation

2009

Aim. Impaired endothelial function and increased carotid intima-media thickness are key events in the atherosclerotic process and predict future cardiovascular events in subjects with and without coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the vasodilator response to increased flow in the brachial artery and the presence of carotid lesions may have a prognostic significance for in-stent restenosis in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Methods. The study population included 58 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting and at least 10 months of follow-up. All patients underwent ultrasound detection of brachial artery re…

Endothelial dysfunction and carotid lesions are strong predictors of clinical events in patients with early stages of atherosclerosis: a 24-month fol…

2008

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the vasodilator response to brachial artery and the presence of carotid lesions may have a prognostic significance in patients with early stages of atherosclerosis. Methods and results Vascular echography was performed to analyze flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) at the brachial artery and intima–media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries in 84 asymptomatic patients. At baseline, we evaluated all the established traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Transient ischemic attack, stroke, effort or unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular death served as outc…

Physiology and cell biology of the endothelium: a dynamic interface for cell communication.

1997

This manuscript presents a brief overview of the physiology and cell biology of the endothelium, which is the basis for understanding the role of endothelial cells in pathological processes as diverse as atherosclerosis, tumour intravasation and multiple organ failure. Following consideration of general aspects of endothelial function in regulating haemostasis, vascular tone and growth, special emphasis will be placed on endothelial regulation of the inflammatory response, which centres on the microcirculation. A particular role in inflammation is played by cell adhesion molecules (CAM), expressed both on endothelial and blood cells. Cell and molecular biological methods to investigate the …

P043 Succinate receptor (SUCNR1) mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions induced by TNFa

2021

Abstract Background The Krebs cycle metabolite succinate contributes to inflammatory conditions like arthritis and colitis by activating its receptor SUCNR1. We aimed to analyze whether the succinate-SUCNR1 pathway contributes to the leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions that initiate the inflammatory response. Methods We evaluated leukocyte rolling and adhesion by intravital microscopy in cremaster venules of wild-type (WT) and Sucrn1−/− mice treated, 4h before, with succinate (1 Mm, intraescrotally), combined or not with the common pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα (500 ng/mice, i.p.), or with their vehicles. We analyzed the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway in endothelial cells (HUV…

CD133+ bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) control platelet activation – Role of ectoNTPDase-1 (CD39)

2019

Abstract Background We previously demonstrated CD133+ bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) to promote hepatic proliferation for liver regeneration. Here, we evaluated the capacity of CD133+BMSC to utilize platelets for homing to vasculature and concomitant controlling their aggregability upon ADP stimulation. Methods CD133+BMSC and platelets were co-cultured along micro endothelial cells under variable flow conditions and tested for homing levels along vasculature. Aggregometry and FACS analysis were utilized to evaluate platelet reactivity following co-incubation ± CD133+BMSC. RT-PCR and FACS analyses served to characterize ADP degrading ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ectoNTPDa…

Procoagulant activity during viral infections.

2017

The abundance of evidence suggest that inflammation of immune and non-immune cells may lead to an imbalance of the pro- and anti-coagulant state during viral infections. During systemic infections, the endothelium plays a critical role in regulating hemostasis, and severe imbalances of endothelial function and activation can contribute to organ failure. Viral infections may elevate plasma levels of procoagulant markers such as TAT and D-dimer TF-positive MPs as well as von Willebrand factor (vWF). Although multiple clinical studies are showing the association of viral infection and increased prothrombotic risk, the pathological mechanisms have not been fully identified for most viral infect…

Increased adhesion and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes to endothelial cells under heavy metal exposure in vitro.

1994

Heavy metals have been implicated in the mechanisms of endothelial damage. Influences of heavy metal ions on diverse cell types have been studied using a variety of in vitro and in vivo methods. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs) have physiological and pathological functions, including the modulation of adhesion to and destruction of endothelial cells (ECs). PMNs were studied during interaction with human umbilical vein ECs under exposure to zinc, nickel and cobalt using an in vitro model. We studied adhesion processes with the help of a computer-controlled image-analyzing system and examined the activation of PMNs by quantification of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release. The biphas…

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase

2007

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; also referred to as NOS3 or NOSIII), a low output enzyme is the prototypical isoform being found in endothelial cells. This isoform (like nNOS) synthesizes NO in a short-lasting, pulsatile, Ca++/calmodulin-activated manner. Endothelium-derived NO is a physiologically significant vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation and adhesion. In addition, vascular NO can prevent leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium by down-regulating the leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein complex CD11/CD18. Finally, endothelial NO has also been shown to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore, endothelial NO is likely to represent a protecti…