Search results for "England"
showing 10 items of 83 documents
Pet ownership and symptoms of depression: a prospective study of older adults
2020
Abstract Background This paper aims to examine associations between pet ownership and symptoms of depression in a large, population-based sample of older adults. Specifically, we tested whether: (i) people who report more depressive symptoms are more likely to own a pet; (ii) pet ownership protects against an increase in depressive symptoms over time; (iii) associations differ by symptom type. Methods Data were drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a longitudinal panel study of men and women aged 50 and older (n = 7,617, 52.5% female). Pet ownership (dog/cat/other/none) was self-reported in 2010/11. Depressive symptoms were assessed in 2010/11 and 2016/17 using the 8-item cen…
Hospital readmission rates: signal of failure or success?
2013
AbstractHospital readmission rates are increasingly used as signals of hospital performance and a basis for hospital reimbursement. However, their interpretation may be complicated by differential patient survival rates. If patient characteristics are not perfectly observable and hospitals differ in their mortality rates, then hospitals with low mortality rates are likely to have a larger share of un-observably sicker patients at risk of a readmission. Their performance on readmissions will then be underestimated. We examine hospitals’ performance relaxing the assumption of independence between mortality and readmissions implicitly adopted in many empirical applications. We use data from th…
The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study.
2019
Background: Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of later psychotic disorder but whether it affects incidence of the disorder remains unclear. We aimed to identify patterns of cannabis use with the strongest effect on odds of psychotic disorder across Europe and explore whether differences in such patterns contribute to variations in the incidence rates of psychotic disorder. Methods: We included patients aged 18–64 years who presented to psychiatric services in 11 sites across Europe and Brazil with first-episode psychosis and recruited controls representative of the local populations. We applied adjusted logistic regression models to the data to estimate which patterns of canna…
Impact of completeness of ascertainment of minor stroke on stroke incidence: implications for ideal study methods.
2013
Background and Purpose— Reliable comparisons of stroke incidence are important. To determine the impact of systematic assessment of patients referred with transient ischemic attack on the measured incidence and severity of stroke, we compared 2 population-based studies. Methods— Patients with first-ever stroke ascertained during 2006 through 2010 from the Dijon Stroke Registry and the Oxford Vascular (OXVASC) Study were studied. Both studies comply with the criteria for ideal incidence studies, but the OXVASC Study also systematically assessed all patients referred with transient ischemic attack. Stroke severity was measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Results— Among…
Playing tactics, contextual variables and offensive effectiveness in English Premier League soccer matches. A multilevel analysis.
2020
The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of tactical and contextual indicators on achieving offensive penetration and scoring opportunities in English Premier League (EPL) soccer matches. A total of 1971 team possessions from 20 random matches were evaluated by means of multidimensional observation. The EPL matches had a great proportion of fast attacks (36.0%) followed by combinative (29.6%), direct attacks (24.1%) and counterattacks (9.5%). Multilevel logistic regression models revealed that counterattacks (OR = 3.428; 95% CI: 2.004–5.864; P<0.001) were more effective to create goal scoring opportunities than combinative attacks, while direct attacks showed to be less…
The effects of spelling consistency on phonological awareness: a comparison of English and German.
2005
Within alphabetic languages, spelling-to-sound consistency can differ dramatically. For example, English and German are very similar in their phonological and orthographic structure but not in their consistency. In English the letter a is pronounced differently in the words bank, ball, and park, whereas in German the letter a always has the same pronunciation (e.g., Ball, Park, Bank). It is often argued that reading acquisition has a reciprocal effect on phonological awareness. As reading is acquired, therefore, spoken language representation may be affected differently for English and German children. Prior to literacy acquisition, however, phonological representation in English and German…
Enhancement of Gamma Oscillations Indicates Preferential Processing of Native over Foreign Phonemic Contrasts in Infants
2013
Young infants discriminate phonetically relevant speech contrasts in a universal manner, that is, similarly across languages. This ability fades by 12 months of age as the brain builds language-specific phonemic maps and increasingly responds preferentially to the infant's native language. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of infant preference for native over non-native phonemes remain unclear. Since gamma-band power is known to signal infants' preference for native language rhythm, we hypothesized that it might also indicate preference for native phonemes. Using high-density electroencephalogram/event-related potential (EEG/ERP) recordings and source-localization…
Survival of Mycosis Fungoides in Patients in the Southeast of England
2004
<i>Background:</i> Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common skin lymphoma. The aetiology of MF remains unknown, and no therapy has to date significantly altered patient survival. <i>Objective:</i> The present study examines trends in survival of MF patients in a well-defined population-based disease group, namely patients registered over a 40-year period at the Thames Cancer Registry, Southeast England. <i>Methods:</i> The Thames Cancer Registry is a population-based registry, covering a population of approximately 14 million people. Data were taken from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry programme and the National Centre for …
Do Reduced Hospital Mortality Rates Lead to Increased Utilization of Inpatient Emergency Care?:A Population-Based Cohort Study
2018
OBJECTIVES: To measure the impact of the improvement in hospital survival rates on patients' subsequent utilization of unplanned (emergency) admissions.DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Unplanned admissions occurring in all acute hospitals of the National Health Service in England between 2000 and 2009, including 286,027 hip fractures, 375,880 AMI, 387,761 strokes, and 9,966,246 any cause admissions.STUDY DESIGN: Population-based retrospective cohort study. Unplanned admissions experienced by patients within 28 days, 1 year, and 2 years of discharge from the index admission are modeled as a function of hospital risk-adjusted survival rates using patient-level probit and negative binomial models. …
Costs and Benefits of Orthographic Inconsistency in Reading: Evidence from a Cross-Linguistic Comparison.
2016
We compared reading acquisition in English and Italian children up to late primary school analyzing RTs and errors as a function of various psycholinguistic variables and changes due to experience. Our results show that reading becomes progressively more reliant on larger processing units with age, but that this is modulated by consistency of the language. In English, an inconsistent orthography, reliance on larger units occurs earlier on and it is demonstrated by faster RTs, a stronger effect of lexical variables and lack of length effect (by fifth grade). However, not all English children are able to master this mode of processing yielding larger inter-individual variability. In Italian, …