Search results for "Enniatin"
showing 10 items of 34 documents
Occurrence and co-occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat grains and wheat flour from Romania
2017
Abstract In this study, the presence of fourteen Fusarium mycotoxins, legislated by the European Union – deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, HT-2 and T-2 toxins (EC/1881/2006; 2013/165/EU), or non-legislated (five trichothecens and five “emerging” mycotoxins), was evaluated in 31 whole unprocessed wheat samples and 35 white wheat flour samples from different areas of Romania. For this purpose, a validated multi-mycotoxins liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was applied. Seventy three percent of the analyzed samples contained at least one mycotoxin. The highest occurrence was for enniatin B, 71% of the analyzed samples being positive (21–407 μg kg−1). Regarding the legislated myco…
Nuts and dried fruits: Natural occurrence of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins
2013
Abstract The occurrence of enniatins (ENs) and beauvericin (BEA) in nuts, dried fruits and dates available in Valencia (Spain) was surveyed in this study. To do this, seventy-four samples of nuts, dried fruits and dates were analyzed for the determination of mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxins were identified and quantified using an ultrasonic-C18 extraction and LC–MS/MS with a triple quadrupole (QqQ) mass analyzer. The frequencies of contamination of nuts, shell, dried fruits and dates were 50%, 80%, 35.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Enniatin A (ENA) was the most predominant EN found in nuts (45.2%) while ENB was the most common EN found in dates (58.3%). The analytical results of the shell s…
Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in Italian cereal and cereal products from organic farming.
2013
In the present study, the occurrence of eighteen mycotoxins, nine trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fusarenon-X, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin), three zearalenones (zearalenone, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol), and six emergent mycotoxins, beauvericin and five enniatins (A, A1, B, B1 and B4), was monitored in different Italian organic cereals and cereal products by using a liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method. A total of 93 organic cereal samples (wheat, barley, rye and oat) were collected from Italy. Limits of quantification ranged from 5 to 15 μg/kg. 80% of analyze…
High Pressure Processing Impact on Emerging Mycotoxins (ENNA, ENNA1, ENNB, ENNB1) Mitigation in Different Juice and Juice-Milk Matrices
2022
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of high-pressure processing (HPP) (600 MPa during 5 min) on emerging mycotoxins, enniatin A (ENNA), enniatin A1 (ENNA1), enniatin B (ENNB), enniatin B1 (ENNB1) reduction in different juice/milk models, and to compare it with the effect of a traditional thermal treatment (HT) (90 °C during 21 s). For this purpose, different juice models (orange juice, orange juice/milk beverage, strawberry juice, strawberry juice/milk beverage, grape juice and grape juice/milk beverage) were prepared and spiked individually with ENNA, ENNA1, ENNB and ENNB1 at a concentration of 100 µg/L. After HPP and HT treatments, ENNs were extracted from treate…
Effects of technological processes on enniatin levels in pasta
2015
BACKGROUND Potential human health risks posed by enniatins (ENs) require their control primarily from cereal products, creating a demand for harvesting, food processing and storage techniques capable to prevent, reduce and/or eliminate the contamination. In this study, different methodologies to pasta processing simulating traditional and industrial processes were developed in order to know the fate of the mycotoxin ENs. The levels of ENs were studied at different steps of pasta processing. The effect of the temperature during processing was evaluated in two types of pasta (white and whole-grain pasta). Mycotoxin analysis was performed by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS High reductions (up to 50% and 80%…
Multimycotoxin Determination in Tunisian Farm Animal Feed
2019
Mycotoxins presence was evaluated in animal feed marketed in Tunisia for the first time ever. A QuEChERS method was performed to analyze the natural copresence of 22 mycotoxins (enniatins, beauvericin, ochratoxin A, aflatoxins, alternariol monomethyl ether, alternariol, tentoxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, and HT-2 toxin) in 122 Tunisian marketed feed samples, intended for poultry (n = 43), cattle (n = 35), rabbit (n = 12), sheep (n = 16), and horse (n = 16). Analytes detection and quantification were done using both liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass sp…
Multi-mycotoxin contamination of couscous semolina commercialized in Morocco.
2015
The multi-mycotoxin contamination of ninety-eight (98) couscous semolina samples collected from various areas in Morocco was investigated in this study. Samples were surveyed for the presence of 22 mycotoxins (four aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, diacetoxiscyrpenol (DAS), three fumonisins, beauvericin (BEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), sterigmatocystin (STG), zearalenone (ZEA), four enniatins, T-2 and HT-2 toxins). Results showed that 96 out of 98 total couscous samples (98%) were contaminated by at least one mycotoxin. Enniatin B (ENB), Enniatin B1 (ENB1), Enniatin A1 (ENA1) and zearalenone (ZEA) have shown the high…
Mycotoxins in herbal teas marketed in Latvia and dietary exposure assessment
2019
The occurrence of 12 mycotoxins has been analysed by liquid chromatography - time of flight mass spectrometry in the batch of 60 herbal teas purchased from drugstores in Latvia. Among the dry tea samples, 90% were positive for one to eight mycotoxins. Enniatin B and deoxynivalenol (DON) were the most frequently detected mycotoxins in 55% and 45% of the samples, respectively. DON reached the highest level, from 129 µg kg-1 in herbal blend to 5,463 µg kg-1 in wormwood tea. Ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were found in 10% and 20% of the samples at the concentrations ranged between 2.99-30.3 µg kg-1 and 3.40-23.7 µg kg-1. Studies of the tea infusion process indicated that 32-100% of…
Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Botanical Dietary Supplement Infusion Beverages.
2019
The aim of the present work was to study the occurrence of mycotoxins [aflatoxins (1-4), 3-acetyldeoxyniavlenol (5), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (6), nivalenol (7), HT-2 (8), T-2 (9), ochratoxin A (10), zearalenone (11), enniatin A (12), enniatin A1 (13), enniatin B (14), enniatin B1 (15), and beauvericin (16)] present in potable products derived from herbal teas. Analysis was carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS-IT) after a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure (DLLME) was conducted. The DLLME method was applied to 52 commercial samples of chamomile, chamomile with anise, chamomile with honey, linden, pennyroyal mint, thyme, v…
Simultaneous analysis of twenty-six mycotoxins in durum wheat grain from Italy
2016
Abstract A multi-mycotoxin analysis method based on liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was validated and applied for the determination of twenty-six mycotoxins, including eight trichothecenes, three fumonisins, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A, four aflatoxins, zearalenone, five “emerging” mycotoxins and three Alternaria mycotoxins in 74 durum wheat samples from central Italy. Eighty-eight percent of the analysed samples contained one or more mycotoxins, with enniatin B showing the highest contamination levels (78% of samples with levels ranging from 23 to 1826 ng/g), followed by enniatin B1 (10–1384 ng/g) and deoxynivalenol (48–2267 ng/g). This work gives an…