Search results for "Enteric nervous system"
showing 6 items of 46 documents
Peripheral motor action of glucagon-like peptide-1 through enteric neuronal receptors
2010
Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a proglucagon-derived peptide expressed in the enteroendocrine-L cells of small and large intestine and released in response to meal ingestion. Glucagon-like peptide-1 exerts inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal motility through vagal afferents and central nervous mechanisms; however, no data is available about a direct influence on the gastrointestinal wall. Our aim was to investigate the effects of GLP-1 on the spontaneous and evoked mechanical activity of mouse duodenum and colon and to identify the presence and distribution of GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) in the muscle coat. Methods Organ bath recording technique and immunohistochemistry wer…
Glucagon-like peptide-1 relaxes gastric antrum through nitric oxide in mice.
2010
Abstract Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a proglucagon-derived peptide expressed in the intestinal enteroendocrine-L cells and released after meal ingestion. GLP-1 reduces postprandial glycemia not only by its hormonal effects, but also by its inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal motility. Recently, we showed that GLP-1 acts in the enteric nervous system of mouse intestine. Therefore our working hypothesis was that GLP-1 may have also a direct influence on the gastric mechanical activity since the major part of experimental studies about its involvement in the regulation of gastric motility have been conducted in in vivo conditions. The purposes of this study were (i) to examine exogen…
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Modulates Neurally-Evoked Mucosal Chloride Secretion in Guinea Pig Small Intestine In Vitro.
2012
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) acts at the G protein-coupled receptor, GLP-1R, to stimulate secretion of insulin and to inhibit secretion of glucagon and gastric acid. Involvement in mucosal secretory physiology has received negligible attention. We aimed to study involvement of GLP-1 in mucosal chloride secretion in the small intestine. Ussing chamber methods, in concert with transmural electrical field stimulation (EFS), were used to study actions on neurogenic chloride secretion. ELISA was used to study GLP-1R effects on neural release of acetylcholine (ACh). Intramural localization of GLP-1R was assessed with immunohistochemistry. Application of GLP-1 to serosal or mucosal sides of fla…
D1 receptors play a major role in the dopamine modulation of mouse ileum contractility
2010
Since the role of dopamine in the bowel motility is far from being clear, our aim was to analyse pharmacologically the effects of dopamine on mouse ileum contractility. Contractile activity of mouse ileum was examined in vitro as changes in isometric tension. Dopamine caused a concentration-dependent reduction of the spontaneous contraction amplitude of ileal muscle up to their complete disappearance. SCH-23390, D1 receptor antagonist, which per se increased basal tone and amplitude of spontaneous contractions, antagonized the responses to dopamine, whilst sulpiride or domperidone, D2 receptor antagonists, were without effects. The application of both D1 and D2 antagonists had additive effe…
POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN ENTERIC DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM
2013
The postnatal period is a key period of life, characterized by the maturation of various organs and in particular of the gut. Currently, we have a poor understanding of the development of neurological and endocrine factors that control intestinal motility. Such knowledge can provide indications about the potency, efficacy, or therapeutic range of a drug in premature infants. Dopaminegic antagonists are often used as prokinetic drugs to treat impaired GI propulsion, although the role of the enteric dopaminergic system in the control of intestinal motility in neonatal vs adult has not been adequately addressed. In this view the aim of this study, was to examine, the functionality of the dopam…
TALPID3/KIAA0586 Regulates Multiple Aspects of Neuromuscular Patterning During Gastrointestinal Development in Animal Models and Human
2021
TALPID3/KIAA0586 is an evolutionary conserved protein, which plays an essential role in protein trafficking. Its role during gastrointestinal (GI) and enteric nervous system (ENS) development has not been studied previously. Here, we analyzed chicken, mouse and human embryonic GI tissues with TALPID3 mutations. The GI tract of TALPID3 chicken embryos was shortened and malformed. Histologically, the gut smooth muscle was mispatterned and enteric neural crest cells were scattered throughout the gut wall. Analysis of the Hedgehog pathway and gut extracellular matrix provided causative reasons for these defects. Interestingly, chicken intra-species grafting experiments and a conditional knockou…