Search results for "Enterobacteriaceae"

Surveillance of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli in a neonatal intensive care unit: prominent role of cross transmission

2007

Background Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (MDRGN) are an important cause of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We conducted a 1-year prospective surveillance study in an NICU to assess the epidemiology of MDRGN among newborns and the relative importance of acquisition routes. Methods Neonates admitted at the NICU of the Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, University Hospital, Palermo, Italy, from January 7, 2003, to January 6, 2004, were included in the study. Colonization of patients with MDRGN was assessed by cultures of rectal swabs sampled twice a week. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to determine relatedness among MDRGN isolates. Extended-s…

Occurrence of Edwardsiella tarda in wild European eels Anguilla anguilla from Mediterranean Spain

2007

Pure cultures of Edwarsiella tarda were isolated from body ulcers and internal organs of wild European eels caught in a Mediterranean freshwater coastal lagoon (Albufera Lake, Valencia, Spain) over a 1 yr period. Overall, the E. tarda isolation rate from wild eels was 9%, but this increased to 22.8% in diseased individuals. All 22 E. tarda isolates belonged to the 'wild-type' biogroup of the species and were virulent for eels (lethal dose that kills 50% of exposed individuals [LD50 dose]: 10(4.85) to 10(6.83) CFU ind.(-1)), and therefore represented the aetiological agent of the haemorrhagic disease observed in wild European eels. The E. tarda isolates and E. tarda CECT 894T type strain wer…

Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia and Multidrug Resistant Bacteria: Do We Have a Convincing Answer?

2014

Specific DNA probes to detect Escherichia coli strains producing cytotoxic necrotising factor type 1 or type 2

1994

Cytotoxic necrotising factors type 1 (CNF1) and type 2 (CNF2) are produced by many Escherichia coli strains isolated from man and animals with intestinal or extra-intestinal colibacillosis. In most laboratories, CNF-producing strains are detected by a cell cytotoxicity assay and confirmed with a neutralisation assay or a mouse footpad assay. In this study, we sought to determine whether DNA probes could detect clinical isolates of E. coli producing CNF2 or CNF1, or both, without the need for cell cultures or animal assays. Two internal fragments of the gene encoding CNF2 were used as DNA probes: a 875-bp XhoI-PstI DNA fragment and an adjacent 335-bp PstI-ClaI fragment. A positive response w…

The gut microbiota of larvae of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliver (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2014

Background: The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the major pests of palms. The larvae bore into the palm trunk and feed on the palm tender tissues and sap, leading the host tree to death. The gut microbiota of insects plays a remarkable role in the host life and understanding the relationship dynamics between insects and their microbiota may improve the biological control of insect pests. The purpose of this study was to analyse the diversity of the gut microbiota of field-caught RPW larvae sampled in Sicily (Italy). Results: The 16S rRNA gene-based Temporal Thermal Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TTGE) of the gut microbiota of RPW …

Mealybugs nested endosymbiosis: going into the 'matryoshka' system in Planococcus citri in depth.

2013

Abstract Background In all branches of life there are plenty of symbiotic associations. Insects are particularly well suited to establishing intracellular symbiosis with bacteria, providing them with metabolic capabilities they lack. Essential primary endosymbionts can coexist with facultative secondary symbionts which can, eventually, establish metabolic complementation with the primary endosymbiont, becoming a co-primary. Usually, both endosymbionts maintain their cellular identity. An exception is the endosymbiosis found in mealybugs of the subfamily Pseudoccinae, such as Planococcus citri, with Moranella endobia located inside Tremblaya princeps. Results We report the genome sequencing …

Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for comparison of similar but distinguishable isolates of Shigella sonnei collected in Ireland and Italy

2006

ABSTRACT Comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns (generated with XbaI and BlnI) of Shigella sonnei isolates from Ireland and Italy suggests that two possibly distantly related lineages are present in both countries. Smaller, more closely related groups, including isolates from Ireland and Italy, were also noted. These groups raise the possibility that the dissemination of clonal groups of S. sonnei may have occurred in recent years.

Description of Klebsiella spallanzanii sp. nov. and of Klebsiella pasteurii sp. nov

2019

AbstractKlebsiella oxytocacauses opportunistic human infections and post-antibiotic haemorrhagic diarrhoea. ThisEnterobacteriaceaespecies is genetically heterogeneous and is currently subdivided into seven phylogroups (Ko1 to Ko4, Ko6 to Ko8). Here we investigated the taxonomic status of phylogroups Ko3 and Ko4. Genomic sequence-based phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that Ko3 and Ko4 formed well-defined sequence clusters related to, but distinct from,Klebsiella michiganensis(Ko1),Klebsiella oxytoca(Ko2),K. huaxiensis(Ko8) andK. grimontii(Ko6). The average nucleotide identity of Ko3 and Ko4 were 90.7% withK. huaxiensisand 95.5% withK. grimontii, respectively. In addition, three strains ofK.…

Drug Resistance in Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium Bloodstream Infection, Malawi

2014

To the Editor: Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is one of the most common causes of bloodstream infection in sub-Saharan Africa (1). Among adults, the principal risk factor for invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease is advanced HIV infection; up to 44% of HIV-infected patients experience bacteremic recurrence through recrudescence of the original infection (2,3). Epidemics of iNTS disease in sub-Saharan Africa have been associated with a novel genotype of S. enterica ser. Typhimurium of multilocus sequence type (ST) 313 that is rarely seen outside the region and is associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and ampicillin (4,5). As a conse…

Characteristics of Escherichia coli strains belonging to enteropathogenic E. coli serogroups isolated in Italy from children with diarrhea.

1996

Fifty-five Escherichia coli strains belonging to enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) serogroups were examined for phenotypic and genetic factors associated with virulence. The strains were isolated in Italy from children with diarrhea and identified as EPEC by clinical laboratories using commercially available antisera. O:H serotyping showed that 35 strains (27 of O26, O111, and O128 serogroups) belonged to 11 serotypes considered to be classical EPEC O:H serotypes. The other 20 isolates were classified as 15 nonclassical EPEC O:H serotypes. All the potential EPEC virulence factors associated with bacterial adhesion (localized adherence, fluorescentactin staining test positivity, presence of th…