Search results for "Entropy"

showing 10 items of 496 documents

A new approach to modelling the input-output structure of regional economies using non-survey methods

2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a new approach to the regionalization of national input–output tables where suitable regional data are scarce and analysts are considering using location quotients (LQs). We focus on the FLQ formula, which frequently yields the best results of the pure LQ-based methods, and develop an enhanced way of implementing this approach. We use a modified cross-entropy (MCE) method, along with a regression model, to estimate values of the unknown parameter δ in the FLQ formula, specific to both region and country. An analysis of survey-based data for 16 South Korean regions reveals that the proposed FLQ+ approach yields more accurate estimates of both input coefficients an…

Economics and EconometricsComputer scienceEconomics Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)FLQ0211 other engineering and technologiesStructure (category theory)Economic growth development planning02 engineering and technologyRegional tablesSurvey methodologymenetelmätSectoral outputGRAS0502 economics and businessddc:330EconometricsCross-entropy050207 economicspanos-tuotosanalyysiHB71-74Input/output05 social sciences021107 urban & regional planningRegression analysisEconomics as a scienceHD72-88aluekehitysaluetalousFLQ+Focus (optics)arviointi
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An entropy-based machine learning algorithm for combining macroeconomic forecasts

2019

This paper applies a Machine Learning approach with the aim of providing a single aggregated prediction from a set of individual predictions. Departing from the well-known maximum-entropy inference methodology, a new factor capturing the distance between the true and the estimated aggregated predictions presents a new problem. Algorithms such as ridge, lasso or elastic net help in finding a new methodology to tackle this issue. We carry out a simulation study to evaluate the performance of such a procedure and apply it in order to forecast and measure predictive ability using a dataset of predictions on Spanish gross domestic product.

Elastic net regularizationKullback–Leibler divergenceComputer scienceGeneral Physics and AstronomyInferencelcsh:Astrophysics02 engineering and technologyMachine learningcomputer.software_genremaximum-entropy inferenceArticleGDPGross domestic productlcsh:QB460-4660502 economics and business0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringEntropy (information theory)lcsh:Science050205 econometrics combining predictionsaveragingMacroeconomiabusiness.industry05 social scienceslcsh:QC1-999Economia matemàticaTecnologiaKullback–Leiblerlcsh:Q020201 artificial intelligence & image processingArtificial intelligencebusinesscomputerAlgorithmlcsh:Physics
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Free Energy, Enthalpy and Entropy from Implicit Solvent End-Point Simulations

2018

Free energy is the key quantity to describe the thermodynamics of biological systems. In this perspective we consider the calculation of free energy, enthalpy and entropy from end-point molecular dynamics simulations. Since the enthalpy may be calculated as the ensemble average over equilibrated simulation snapshots the difficulties related to free energy calculation are ultimately related to the calculation of the entropy of the system and in particular of the solvent entropy. In the last two decades implicit solvent models have been used to circumvent the problem and to take into account solvent entropy implicitly in the solvation terms. More recently outstanding advancement in both impli…

Energy estimationEnthalpyContinuum solvent Enthalpy Entropy Free energy Implicit solvent MM/GBSA Molecular dynamics simulationscontinuum solvent010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesBiochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)BiochemistryMolecular dynamicsenthalpy0103 physical sciencesMolecular BiosciencesStatistical physicsPhysics::Chemical PhysicsMolecular Biologylcsh:QH301-705.5PhysicsMM/GBSAQuantitative Biology::BiomoleculesEnd point010304 chemical physicsEnsemble averageSolvationimplicit solventmolecular dynamics simulationsfree energy0104 chemical sciencesSolventlcsh:Biology (General)Solvent modelsPerspectiveentropyFrontiers in Molecular Biosciences
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Information as an essential link between natural science and human science : main focus : the impact of information on the functioning and behaviour …

2016

This thesis aims at considering the information as essential link between the sciences of the nature and the human sciences. It is mainly refered to principles of the natural science, allied in a set of scientific stemming approaches, in particular, theories of the complexity, of chaos, of information, auto-organization, emergences and ecosystems. The laws of the thermodynamics play a central role in this context, where the organization and the negentropy make directly part of the field of information production. There is in particular refered to Law of maximization of entropy Production (or, in other words, of energy dissipation), among which the incidence on the functioning and the behavi…

EnergyEntropyDissipation of energyThermodynamique[SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciencesCausalitySystemicsOrganisationInformationDissipation d’énergieConversationThermodynamicsÉnergieComportement humainÉcosystèmesRobotiqueDissipative structureNegentropyStructures dissipativesOrganization
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Hold design supports learning and transfer of climbing fluency

2014

Being a discipline with a broad range of genres, rock climbing is an activity where participants seek to generalize the skills they learn in different performance contexts. A training strategy for achieving skill transfer was explored in a group of experienced climbers. Specifically, we tested the effect of practising on three routes, each of the same difficulty, but where handholds supported opportunities for using either a single technical action or multiple actions. Transfer of climbing fluidity in terms of the geometric index of entropy (GIE) of the hip trajectory was then assessed. We expected that learning would be induced on the route where multiple actions were usable. Results revea…

EngineeringPhysical Therapy Sports Therapy and RehabilitationHuman Factors and Ergonomicsclimbing affordancesUSable050105 experimental psychologyLearning effectSkill transfermetastability03 medical and health sciencesFluency0302 clinical medicineskill transfer0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesOrthopedics and Sports Medicineta315Engineering (miscellaneous)business.industry05 social sciences030229 sport sciencesClimbingArtificial intelligencebusinessMotor learningentropymotor learningCognitive psychologySports Technology
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Finite-element Discretizations of Semiconductor Energy-transport Equations

2003

Energy-transport models describe the flow of electrons in a semiconductor crystal. Several formulations of these models, in the primal or dual entropy variables or in the drift-diffusion-type variables, are reviewed. A numerical discretization of the steady-state drift-diffusion-type formulation using mixed-hybrid finite elements introduced by Marini and Pietra is presented. The scheme is first applied to the simulation of a one-dimensional ballistic diode with non-parabolic band diagrams. Then a two-dimensional deep submicron MOSFET device with parabolic bands is simulated, using an adaptively refined mesh.

EngineeringSemiconductorComputer simulationDiscretizationbusiness.industryMOSFETMathematical analysisElectronic engineeringElectronEntropy (energy dispersal)businessFinite element methodDiode
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Load management for voltage security using probabilistic fuzzy decision tree method

2016

During contingency, load management is most important in planning, monitoring and controlling of power system. In transmission system, there is limit for controlling the reactive power in large size power network. In order to manage heavy loading on transmission, load management is necessary to avoid voltage collapse. This paper presents a methodology for load management considering voltage security assessment using probabilistic fuzzy decision tree (PFDT) technique. By using probabilistic fuzzy decision tree method, the load management is calculated in optimal manner in real time and insecure operating conditions are observed. With the help of this method, a real time load management plan …

Engineeringbusiness.industry020209 energyDecision treeProbabilistic logic02 engineering and technologyTransmission systemAC powerReliability engineeringLoad managementElectric power system0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringEntropy (information theory)businessVoltage2016 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation for Sustainability (ICIAfS)
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Understanding the Solution Behavior of Epinephrine in the Presence of Toxic Cations: A Thermodynamic Investigation in Different Experimental Conditio…

2020

The interactions of epinephrine ((R)-(&minus

EnthalpyInorganic chemistryPharmaceutical ScienceIonic bondingProtonation02 engineering and technologyCalorimetry010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesArticleAnalytical Chemistrylcsh:QD241-441chemistry.chemical_compoundlcsh:Organic chemistryDrug Discoverytoxic cationSettore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analiticatoxic cationsepinephrinePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryChemistryOrganic Chemistryenthalpy and entropy changesOxidesMethylmercury Compoundsdependence on ionic strength021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologysequestering ability0104 chemical sciencesSpecific ion interaction theoryChemistry (miscellaneous)Ionic strengthBenzyl alcoholThermodynamicsUraniumMolecular MedicineTitration0210 nano-technologyenthalpy and entropy changeMolecules
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Entropy Analysis of Univariate Biomedical Signals: Review and Comparison of Methods

2022

Nonlinear techniques have found an increasing interest in the dynamical analysis of various kinds of systems. Among these techniques, entropy-based metrics have emerged as practical alternatives to classical techniques due to their wide applicability in different scenarios, especially to short and noisy processes. Issued from information theory, entropy approaches are of great interest to evaluate the degree of irregularity and complexity of physical, physiological, social, and econometric systems. Based on Shannon entropy and conditional entropy (CE), various techniques have been proposed; among them, approximate entropy, sample entropy, fuzzy entropy, distribution entropy, permutation ent…

Entropy
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Nonlinear extended thermodynamics of a dilute nonviscous gas

2002

This paper deals with further developments of a nonlinear theory for a nonviscous gas in the presence of heat flux, which has been proposed in previous papers, using extended thermodynamics. The fundamental fields used are the density, the velocity, the internal energy density, and the heat flux. Using the Liu procedure, the constitutive theory is built up without approximations and the consistence of the model is showed: it is shown that the model is determined by the choice of three scalar functions which must satisfy a system of partial differential equations, which always has solutions. Different changes of field variables are carried out, using different Legendre transformations, passi…

Entropy (classical thermodynamics)Partial differential equationInternal energyHeat fluxModeling and SimulationModelling and SimulationNon-equilibrium thermodynamicsThermodynamicsThermodynamic temperatureExtended irreversible thermodynamicsAbsolute zeroMathematicsComputer Science ApplicationsMathematical and Computer Modelling
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