Search results for "Envelope"
showing 10 items of 336 documents
Modelling relationship among energy demand, climate and office building features: A cluster analysis at European level
2016
Abstract More than one-third of the energy demand of industrialised countries is due to achieving acceptable conditions of thermal comfort and lighting in buildings. Energy demand in buildings depends on a combination of several parameters, such as climate, envelope typologies, occupant behaviour, and intended use. Indeed, assessing a building’s energy performance requires substantial input data describing constructions, environmental conditions, envelope thermo-physical properties, geometry, control strategies, and several other parameters. This has been a very active area of research in recent years, and several numerical approaches have been developed for building simulation; furthermore…
Angle Factors and Projected Area Factors for Comfort Analysis of Subjects in Complex Confined Enclosures: Analytical Relations and Experimental Resul…
2008
This paper addresses an important problem in the evaluation of the thermal comfort of people living or working in the sort of confined spaces typical of current architecture. In the details, a new algorithm is proposed for the evaluation of the angle factors of people within rooms characterized by complex shapes, where the envelope components are not always mutually orthogonal. The algorithm is based on field data obtained by means of an experimental photographic apparatus which allows measurements of projected area factors of seated or standing people in such complex confined environments.
Automatic Computation of Local Comfort Conditions in Buildings
2000
Publisher Summary A method for the automatic calculation of local comfort conditions in moderate indoor environment is been described in this chapter. It provides, among its output features, graphical maps of the PMV patterns. The program has been implemented on the commonly used operating system, and is characterized by a friendly usability, even by noncomputer expert users. The output of the code can be obtained not only in a graphical way but also in numerical formats. By using the program in conjunction with computer codes that provide the energy demand for climatization of buildings, it would be possible to evaluate the energy savings achieved in correspondence with the various adopted…
Time optimal control of a satellite with two rotors
2001
International audience; The aim of this work is to investigate the structure of time-optimal trajectories for a control system modelizing a satellite with two rotors attached along its two fixed axes. Our results extend to the general case those obtained by Sussmann and Tang in an unpublished paper where they treat a particular case described below. We end up finding a sufficient family of four parameters trajectory types. The main tools used are the Pontryagin Maximum Principle, switching functions and envelope theory. © 2001 EUCA.
Design, Building up and First Results of Three Monitored Green Coverings Over a University Department Building
2015
Abstract A viable solution to reducing the buildings’ energy demand is the implementation of green coverings that have been demonstrated to improve the envelope performance, especially in summer season. Anyway, to apply computer models analyzing the energy performance of buildings equipped with such components, the knowledge of specific parameters is needed. Among these, the fractional vegetation coverage and leaf area index are of great importance. By means of an experimental facility, first results of the evaluation of these foliage-related parameters for five types of vegetation are presented.
FULL PAPER: Earth for social housing in Palestine: an alternative for a sustainable refurbishment of building’s envelopes
2016
The suitable climates in the cities of Jericho and Gaza boosted the emergence of new attempts to revive earthen architecture on organizational and individual levels. These attempts produced a number of earthen buildings in the last few years following the crucial need to find alternative low cost material instead of natural stone, which is used in a large scale in Palestine. Similar attempts had a certain response to the social needs and economic situation there. This paper focuses on the possibility of using earth as an alternative material to refurbish the envelopes of existing housing units including two categories; firstly, refurbishing envelopes of housing units those were partially de…
On Some Statistical Properties of the Spatio-Temporal Product Density
2021
We present an extension of the non-parametric edge-corrected Ohser-type kernel estimator for the spatio-temporal product density function. We derive the mean and variance of the estimator and give a closed-form approximation for a spatio-temporal Poisson point process. Asymptotic properties of this second-order characteristic are derived, using an approach based on martingale theory. Taking advantage of the convergence to normality, confidence surfaces under the homogeneous Poisson process are built. A simulation study is presented to compare our approximation for the variance with Monte Carlo estimated values. Finally, we apply the resulting estimator and its properties to analyse the spat…
The SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein has evolved towards membrane topology robustness.
2021
- Single-spanning SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein topology is a major determinant of protein quaternary structure and function. - Charged residues distribution in E protein sequences from highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (i.e., SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) stabilize Ntout-Ctin membrane topology. - E protein sequence could have evolved to ensure a more robust membrane topology from MERS-CoV to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
Local inhomogeneous weighted summary statistics for marked point processes
2023
We introduce a family of local inhomogeneous mark-weighted summary statistics, of order two and higher, for general marked point processes. Depending on how the involved weight function is specified, these summary statistics capture different kinds of local dependence structures. We first derive some basic properties and show how these new statistical tools can be used to construct most existing summary statistics for (marked) point processes. We then propose a local test of random labelling. This procedure allows us to identify points, and consequently regions, where the random labelling assumption does not hold, e.g.~when the (functional) marks are spatially dependent. Through a simulatio…
Let’s Ask About Sex : Methodological Merits of the Sealed Envelope Technique in Face-to-Face Interviews
2020
When it comes to deviant behavior and other sensitive topics, respondents in surveys tend either to refuse answering such sensitive questions or to tailor their answers in a socially desirable direction. This occurs by underreporting on negatively connoted behaviors or attitudes and by overreporting on positively connoted ones (be it deliberately or undeliberate). Thus, prevalence estimates of deviant traits are biased. Moreover, if the tendency to misreport is related to influencing factors of the deviant behavior or attitude under investigation, the correlations are biased as well.