Search results for "Environment"
showing 10 items of 28487 documents
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus attack affects a group of compounds rather than rearranging Phoenix canariensis metabolic pathways.
2016
The red palm weevil (RPW; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is spreading worldwide and severely harming many palm species. However, most studies on RPW focused on insect biology, and little information is available about the plant response to the attack. In the present experiment, we used metabolomics to study the alteration of the leaf metabolome of Phoenix canariensis at initial (1st stage) or advanced (2nd stage) attack by RPW compared with healthy (unattacked) plants. The leaf metabolome significantly varied among treatments. At the 1st stage of attack, plants showed a reprogramming of carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism; in contrast, peptides and lipid metabolic pathways underwent more c…
Polyester microplastic fibers in soil increase nitrogen loss via leaching and decrease plant biomass production and N uptake
2022
Abstract Microplastic contamination, like other global change factors, can induce effects on ecosystem functions and processes, affecting various soil biophysical properties. However, effects of such contaminants on nutrient cycles in agroecosystems are still poorly understood. We here performed two pot experiments to investigate the effect of polyester microplastic fibers (PMFs) on soil physical properties, nitrogen cycle, and plant performance in a maize-based agroecosystem. Moreover, we followed the N loss via leaching in soil contaminated or not with PMFs by simulating heavy rainfall events that mimic a future scenario of climate change. Our results show that soil contaminated with PMFs…
Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la levée des adventices à partir de relations fonctionnelles utilisant les traits des espèces
2008
The aim of the Ph. D. Was to adapt the monospecific model ALOMYSYS to a multi-specific flora, in order to predict the effects of cropping systems on the timing and quantities of emerging weed seedlings. Determining the parameters for each additional species is unfeasible. A second objective was thus to estimate the parameters from easily measurable species traits. After having performed a large literature analysis, 18 weeds were studied for the processes involved into the seedbank dynamics and emergence. The seed mortality in the soil could not be related with species traits and can be parameterised with literature data. A generic and simplified formalism represens the seasonal variations o…
Wetland Restoration with Hydrophytes: A Review
2021
Restoration cases with hydrophytes (those which develop all their vital functions inside the water or very close to the water surface, e.g., flowering) are less abundant compared to those using emergent plants. Here, I synthesize the latest knowledge in wetland restoration based on revegetation with hydrophytes and stress common challenges and potential solutions. The review mainly focusses on natural wetlands but also includes information about naturalized constructed wetlands, which nowadays are being used not only to improve water quality but also to increase biodiversity. Available publications, peer-reviewed and any public domain, from the last 20 years, were reviewed. Several countrie…
Applying an operating model for the environmental risk assessment in Italian Sites of Community Importance (SCI) of the European Commission Habitats …
2013
The fast development of agro-biotechnologies asks for a harmonized approach in risk analysis of GMO's releases, where "risk analysis" entails the assessment, management and communication of risk. Risk assessment consists in the evaluation of the likelihood that a hazard occurs, associated with the presence of the receptor(s) in the receiving environment, and the determination of their potential degree of exposure to the hazard. The whole process has to be both science based and applied case by case, and it involves a very complicated procedure that needs to be transformed in an operational and standardized tool. Beginning in 2003, an expert group on behalf of the Italian Ministry of the Env…
Perception of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their evasion of host immunity: pattern recognition receptors in the frontline
2015
International audience; Plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. Plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) which are microorganism molecular signatures. Located at the plant plasma membrane, the PRRs are generally receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs). MAMP detection will lead to the establishment of a plant defense program called MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). In this review, we overview the RLKs and RLPs that assure early recognition and control of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria. We also highlight the crucial func…
Plasma-wall interaction studies within the EUROfusion consortium: Progress on plasma-facing components development and qualification
2017
This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission.
Toward Sustainable PLA-Based Multilayer Complexes with Improved Barrier Properties
2019
Poly(lactic acid) or PLA is currently considered as one of the most promising substitutes of conventional plastics, with low environmental impact, especially for food packaging applications. Nevertheless, some drawbacks, such as high permeability to oxygen, are still limiting its industrial applications. The objective of this study was to highly increase the oxygen barrier performance of PLA without compromising its sustainable nature and following the principles of circular economy perspective. Coproducts coming from mill industries, such as wheat gluten proteins (WG), were used to produce PLA-WG-PLA multilayer complexes with improved barrier performance. Different technologies of industri…
Hydrogeologinen WSN-ympäristömonitorointi : tapaustutkimus Kaitforsin patoalueen pohjavesien korkeusseurannan pilottijärjestelmästä
2017
Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tavoitteena on selvittää Kaitforsin patoalueelle toteutetun pohjavesien monitorointiin Kokkolan yliopistokeskus Chydeniuksessa kehitetyn pilottijärjestelmän näkökulmasta, millaisin menetelmin vedenkorkeuksien ja veden laadun monitorointia voidaan IoT:n ja langattomien sensoriverkkojen asettamista lähtökohdista automatisoidusti suorittaa. Tämän lisäksi tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää automatisoidun ympäristömonitoroinnin nykytilaa ja siihen kytkeytyviä kehityssuuntauksia. Tutkimuksessa perehdytään myös Kaitforsin patoalueelle asennetun pilottijärjestelmän IEEE 802.15.4 -standardiin perustuvaan langattoman sensoriverkon toimintaan ja siihen kytkeytyneiden sens…
Transport of Antarctic stratospheric strongly dehydrated air into the troposphere observed during the HALO-ESMVal campaign 2012
2015
Abstract. Dehydration in the Antarctic winter stratosphere is a well-known phenomenon that is annually observed by satellites and occasionally observed by balloon-borne measurements. However, in situ measurements of dehydrated air masses in the Antarctic vortex are very rare. Here, we present detailed observations with the in situ and GLORIA remote sensing instrument payload aboard the German aircraft HALO. Strongly dehydrated air masses down to 1.6 ppmv of water vapor were observed as far north as 47° S in an altitude between 12 and 13 km in the lowermost stratosphere. The dehydration can be traced back to individual ice formation events above the Antarctic Peninsula and Plateau, where ice…