Search results for "Environmental risk"
showing 10 items of 52 documents
General framework for assessing the risks for in-soil organisms exposed to Plant Protection Products (PPP)
2017
The Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR) has been tasked by EFSA to revise the SANCO guidance Document on Terrestrial Ecotoxicology which is currently used for conducting the risk assessment for terrestrial non-target organisms, except for birds and mammals and non-target arthropods. For each group of organisms, the PPR Panel first summarises the science behind the respective risk assessment in a scientific opinion and, in a second step, EFSA will develop practical guidance on how to perform the risk assessment. The main scope of the revision is to take into consideration: (i) the entry into force of the Regulation 1107/2009 replacing the Directive 91/414/EEC; (ii) th…
Pesticides: Chemical and Biological.
2013
There is a requirement by World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and other International Organizations to develop environmentally sustainable systems for controlling pests that are less reliant on chemical pesticides as the primary management tool. However biological control alone cannot at the moment solve all pest problems and must be considered instrument to be used in combination with other methods. Compatibility of chemical pesticides (CP) and biological pesticides (BP) is one of the key for the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. Testing the compatibility of CP and BP is necessary if these two agents are to be applied together…
Response to Kruse-Plass et al. (2017) regarding the risk to non-target lepidopteran larvae exposed to pollen from one or more of three Bt maize event…
2017
We respond to the paper of Kruse-Plass et al. (Environ Sci Eur 29:12, 2017), published in this journal, regarding the risk to non-target lepidopteran larvae exposed to pollen from one or more of three Bt maize events (MON810, Bt11 and 1507). We emphasise that what is important for environmental risk assessment is not the number of pollen grains per se, but the degree of exposure of a NT lepidopteran larva to Bt protein contained in maize pollen. The main text of this response deals with general issues which Kruse-Plass et al. have failed to understand; more detailed refutations of each of their claims are given in Additional file 1. Valid environmental risk assessment requires direct measur…
Towards a landscape scale management of pesticides: ERA using changes in modelled occupancy and abundance to assess long-term population impacts of p…
2015
Pesticides are regulated in Europe and this process includes an environmental risk assessment (ERA) for nontarget arthropods (NTA). Traditionally a non-spatial or field trial assessment is used. In this study we exemplify the introduction of a spatial context to the ERA as well as suggest a way in which the results of complex models, necessary for proper inclusion of spatial aspects in the ERA, can be presented and evaluated easily using abundance and occupancy ratios (AOR). We used an agent-based simulation system and an existing model for a wide-spread carabid beetle (Bembidion lampros), to evaluate the impact of a fictitious highly-toxic pesticide on population density and the distributi…
ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOLOGIC INDUCED RISK: A CASE STUDY IN ALCAMO MARINA (TRAPANI, SICILY)
2009
Human activities often interfere with the natural evolution of the environment, even more so when any rule or criterion of respect for the environment or urban planning is followed. This, in addition to perturb the natural system, determines conditions for geological and environmental risks, particularly when acting on vulnerable areas, poorly suited for urbanization. In the present study, risk conditions for the site of Alcamo Marina, in the territory of the town of Alcamo (TP), are analyzed, which are determined due both to the geomorphologic setting of the territory and to a large number of human interventions. carried out under an irrational approach since the 70s, in this stretch of co…
Asthma control, severity and lung function impairment through network analysis in children
2015
Background: Achieving and maintaining asthma control in children is the primary goal recommended by current guidelines. Aim: To identify risk factors associated with Asthma control and severity, as well as their relative weight. Methods: Within a consecutive series of outpatients visited in a three years period at the IBIM pediatric clinic, we selected 128 persistent asthmatics. A standardized medical interview was carried out to collect information on environmental risk factors, symptoms and comorbidities. Spirometry was performed using Pony FX, Cosmed, Italy; spirometric values were expressed as %pred using GLI-2012equation. Statistical analyses were performed by using R. Results: The ide…
Tumor fibroso localizado de la pleura: hallazgos radiológicos
2007
Localized fibrous tumors of the pleura are rare tumors that represent less than 5% of the pleural tumors, although they have also been described in extrathoracic locations such as the abdomen, head and neck or central nervous system. A total of 80% begin in the visceral pleura and are not related with environmental risk factors. They generally occur in patients over 50 with a mild predominance in the woman. Up to 50% of the patients are asymptomatic, so that it appears as an incidental finding on the chest X-ray. These are slow growing tumors. They are seen on the X-ray as well-defined rounded lesions dependent on the pleura and 50% are pediculated. It is important to know its radiological …
Ambient Air Pollution and Atherosclerosis: Insights Into Dose, Time, and Mechanisms.
2021
Ambient air pollution due to particulate matter ≤2.5 μ is the leading environmental risk factor contributing to global mortality, with a preponderant majority of these deaths attributable to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) causes such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Epidemiological studies in humans have provided refined estimates of exposure risk, with evidence suggesting that risk association with particulate matter ≤2.5 levels and ASCVD continues at levels well below air quality guidelines in North America and Europe. Mechanistic studies in animals and humans have provided a framework of understanding of the duration and pathways by which air pollution exposure may pr…
The comparative research of leaching tests and the sequential chemical extraction based on the environmental risk assessment by a selected type of wa…
2020
The problem of the circulation of metal ions in the environment remains a current problem in view of the quality of received agricultural crops. The necessity of increasingly frequent use of alternative sources of biogenesis in the form of waste substances poses a threat of bringing significant amounts of heavy metals harmful to human health and life to soils. The article discusses a significant problem, which is the comparison of the results of the environmental impact assessment of waste obtained based on the implementation of legitimate leaching tests (the three-stage leachability test according to PN-Z-15009) with the results obtained from sequential chemical extraction tests according …
Evaluation of the environmental fate and ecotoxicological impact of the pesticide chlorpyrifos in soil for improvement of its environmental risk asse…
2016
EABIOMEUBINRA; Pesticides protect crops from various pests but can also harm nontarget organisms. To minimize risks for the environment and human health, a huge amount of studies are carried out and evaluated during the authorization process of each pesticide. However, the prediction of the environmental fate and ecotoxicological impact of a pesticide remains difficult. Several 100 formerly used pesticides are now banned because unexpected risks emerged decades after their authorization. Risk assessment documents of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CHL) particularly lack information about its degradation and potential transformation products in soil, and its impact on non-targe…