Search results for "Epidemiology"

Mediterranean Diet and Invasive Breast Cancer Risk Among Women at High Cardiovascular Risk in the PREDIMED Trial

2015

Importance Breast cancer is the leading cause of female cancer burden, and its incidence has increased by more than 20% worldwide since 2008. Some observational studies have suggested that the Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of breast cancer. Objective To evaluate the effect of 2 interventions with Mediterranean diet vs the advice to follow a low-fat diet (control) on breast cancer incidence. Design, Setting, and Participants The PREDIMED study is a 1:1:1 randomized, single-blind, controlled field trial conducted at primary health care centers in Spain. From 2003 to 2009, 4282 women aged 60 to 80 years and at high cardiovascular disease risk were recruited after invitation by their p…

Can adherence to the Mediterranean diet prevent myocardial infarction? Answers from an Italian study

2015

Background The Mediterranean-style diet, with a focus on vegetables, fruit, fish, whole grains, and olive oil, has proven to reduce cardiovascular events. This case control study add epidemiological data, covering the lack in Italian context, on the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MDA) and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in multicenter study covering …

The Mediterranean diet, plasma metabolome, and cardiovascular disease risk.

2020

Abstract Aims To investigate whether metabolic signature composed of multiple plasma metabolites can be used to characterize adherence and metabolic response to the Mediterranean diet and whether such a metabolic signature is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods and results Our primary study cohort included 1859 participants from the Spanish PREDIMED trial, and validation cohorts included 6868 participants from the US Nurses’ Health Studies I and II, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (NHS/HPFS). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using a validated Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and plasma metabolome was profiled by liquid chromatogr…

Nutrition in the genomics era: cardiovascular disease risk and the Mediterranean diet.

2007

The effect of dietary changes on phenotypes (i.e., plasma lipid measures, body weight and blood pressure) differs significantly between individuals. This phenomenon has been more extensively researched in relation to changes in dietary fat and plasma lipid concentrations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to other pathological conditions. Although common knowledge associates low fat diets with reductions in total and plasma LDL cholesterol, the clinical evidence shows dramatic inter-individual differences in response that are partially due to genetic factors. The discovery of the cardioprotective and other healthy properties of the Mediterranean diet has popularized…

Use of drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease in France: a study on a national level based on the National Alzheimer's Data Bank (Banque Nationale A…

2012

Purpose To examine the way in which specific drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease are used and whether their use complies with clinical practice guidelines issued by the French National Authority for Health in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods We analysed a cross-section of the French National Alzheimer's databank (BNA). Participants were individuals who consulted centres contributing to the BNA in 2010 and diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and with at least one Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score recorded during the course of the year. Results Of 191 919 consultations recorded in the database, 29.9% involved a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and 26 809 patients had co…

Statistical Advances in Epidemiology and Public Health

2021

The key role of statistical modeling in epidemiology and public health is unquestionable [...]

Epidemiological, Clinical and Morphological Characteristics of Immunoglobulin a Nephropathy in Latvia

2020

Abstract Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common chronic glomerulopathy with variable clinical manifestations. IgAN diagnostics became possible in Latvia in 2013. The study aim was to describe IgAN manifestations in the Latvian population by analysing epidemiological, clinical, histological data, and reveal factors that might determine the course of the disease. The retrospective, one-centre study included biopsy-proven IgAN patients over a five-year period in the Nephrology Centre at Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital. Data from inpatient and outpatient medical records were collected. The study included 69 patients with histologically confirmed IgAN (23% of all rena…

2019

Although cycling has been associated with overuse/fatigue and acute injuries, there is lack of information regarding associated risk factors and prevention factors. The objective of the study was to determine the factors associated with injury, and perceptions of discomfort and pain in cyclists. A total of 739 cyclists completed an online questionnaire between February and October 2016. The questionnaire acquired information on participant demographics, characteristics related to cycling profile and fitness training, bike components and cycling posture, self-reported perceptions of comfort and pain, and injuries sustained in the last 12 months. Logistic regression models estimated odds rati…

2015

OBJECTIVES: To update the epidemiology of S. aureus bloodstream infection (SAB) in a high-income country and its link with infective endocarditis (IE).METHODS: All consecutive adult patients with incident SAB (n = 2008) were prospectively enrolled between 2009 and 2011 in 8 university hospitals in France. RESULTS: SAB was nosocomial in 54%, non-nosocomial healthcare related in 18% and community-acquired in 26%. Methicillin resistance was present in 19% of isolates. SAB Incidence of nosocomial SAB was 0.159/1000 patients-days of hospitalization (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.111-0.219). A deep focus of infection was detected in 37%, the two most frequent were IE (11%) and pneumonia (8%). Th…

The effect of timing on community acquired respiratory virus infection mortality during the first year after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell trans…

2019

The effect of timing of community acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) is an as yet unsettled issue. We evaluate this issue by including all consecutive allo-HCT recipients with molecularly-documented CARV infection during the first year after transplant. The study cohort was drawn from a prospective longitudinal survey of CARV in allo-HCT recipient having respiratory symptoms conducted from December 2013 to December 2018 at two Spanish transplant centers. Respiratory viruses in upper and/or lower respiratory specimens were tested using multiplex PCR panel assays. The study cohort comprised 233 allo-HCT recipients with 37…