Search results for "Epidermal growth factor receptor"
showing 10 items of 150 documents
Semi-Mechanistic Pharmacokinetic Model to Guide the Dose Selection of Nimotuzumab in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
2020
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disease characterized by an overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Nimotuzumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against human EGFR. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for nimotuzumab and to identify demographic and clinical predictive factors of the pharmacokinetic variability. The population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) of nimotuzumab was characterized using a nonlinear mixed-effect modeling approach with NONMEM®
Personalized cancer medicine: from molecular diagnostics to targeted therapy with natural products.
2010
Personalized cancer medicine aims to develop individualized treatment options adapted to factors relevant for the prognosis of each patient. Molecular biomarkers are required to predict the likelihood of an individual tumor's responsiveness or of toxicity in normal organs and to advise optimized treatments with improved efficacy at reduced side effects for each cancer patient. In the present review, we present a concept, which takes advantage of methods of molecular diagnostics to identify predictive markers at the DNA, mRNA, and protein levels. Markers with prognostic value concerning treatment response and patient survival can then be used as targets to develop optimized drugs. We focus o…
Cetuximab in squamous cell head and neck carcinomas.
2007
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist, cetuximab, has recently been shown to enhance the effects of radiotherapy, and reports to date indicate that this effect occurs without any change in the pattern and severity of toxicity usually associated with head and neck radiation and/or chemotherapy (CT) administration. Moreover, several studies have reported that the expression of EGFR is strongly linked to poor outcome in patients undergoing therapy. Therefore, the presence of the EGFR in almost all cases of head and neck carcinoma offers a new therapeutic opportunity to most patients. In this paper, we report a review of the major studies dealing with the use of cetuximab in ad…
Upfront radiation versus EGFR-TKI : which is the best approach for EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients with brain metastasis?
2017
In The Journal of Clinical Oncology , William J. Magnuson (1) and colleagues have recently reported the results of a multicenter retrospective analysis comparing the impact of three different treatment strategies on survival outcomes of 351 patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases (BM). Treatment options included stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) followed by EGFR-TKI (n=100), whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) followed by EGFR-TKI (n=120), or EGFR-TKI followed by SRS or WBRT at the time of intracranial progression (n=131). Results showed a significantly longer median overall survival (OS) in patients who received upfron…
Adding chemotherapy to TKI: Can we improve first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients?
2016
In The Journal of Clinical Oncology , Ying Cheng and colleagues (1) have recently reported the results of a phase II randomized trial comparing pemetrexed plus gefitinib vs. gefitinib in treatment-naive, East Asian patients, with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. The study met its primary end-point in the intent-to-treat population, showing a significantly longer median progression free survival (PFS) in favors of the combination arm (15.8 months) compared to single agent arm (10.9 months) [hazard ratio (HR): 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96; one-sided P=0.014; two-sided P=0.029].
HER2-positive male breast cancer: an update.
2010
Laura Ottini1, Carlo Capalbo2, Piera Rizzolo1, Valentina Silvestri1, Giuseppe Bronte3, Sergio Rizzo3, Antonio Russo31Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy; 2Medical Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy; 3Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyAbstract: Although rare, male breast cancer (MBC) remains a substantial cause for morbidity and mortality in men. Based on age frequency distribution, age-specific incidence rate pattern, and prognostic factor profiles, MBC is considered similar to postmenopausal breast cancer (BC). Compared with female BC (FBC), MBC cas…
Precision Medicine to Treat Advanced Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Work in Progress
2020
Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) represents a heterogeneous disease and, when diagnosed as locally advanced or metastatic, it is characterized by poor prognosis. During the last few years, several molecular classifications have been proposed to try to personalize treatment for those patients diagnosed with advanced disease. Nevertheless, despite the great effort, precision medicine is still far from being a reality. The improvement in the molecular analysis due to the application of high throughput technologies based on DNA and RNA sequencing has opened a novel scenario leading to the personalization of treatment. The possibility to target epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2, Claud…
The dark side of the moon: The PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway in colorectal carcinoma
2009
Wild-type KRAS status is required but not sufficient to confer sensitivity to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in colorectal cancer patients. As a consequence, one of the major challenges is to identify, in non-mutant KRAS patients, other markers that can predict lack of response to this therapy. Small series have investigated the clinical effect of PIK3CA mutations on resistance to anti-EGFR mAbs and discrepant results have been observed. Furthermore, PTEN loss in metastases may be predictive of resistance to anti-EGFR mAbs, even if PTEN determination is far from an immediate clinical application. The introduction of modulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR …
An in vitro study showing the three-dimensional microenvironment influence over the behavior of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
2011
Objectives: The Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks sixth worldwide. The mechanisms of growth, invasion and metastasis of this pathology are extensively studied and generally related to specific variations in signaling pathways like the PI3K-Akt; however most of these competent studies have been performed bidimensionally, which may hide important questions. This study sought to analyze the influence of the microenvironment upon the behavior of HNSCC. Study Design: The status of pAkt, NF-κB and Cyclin D1 proteins was accessed through immunofluorescence and western blot methods in HNSCC cell lines originating from tongue, pharynx and metastatic lymph node when submitted to a t…