Search results for "Epido"

New records of gall-inducer and inquiline insects in a few mediterranean countries, with biological notes

2014

An annotated list of some gall-inducing and inquiline insects found on herbaceous plants and trees in Italy and in other few Mediterranean countries is reported. Among the gall-inducer species, Phanacis phoenixopodos (Mayr, 1882) is new for the Italian peninsula, Callirhytis rufescens (Mayr, 1882), Andricus quercusramuli (L., 1761) and Plagiotrochus amenti Kieffer, 1901 (Cynipidae: Hymenoptera) are new for Sicily; the latter was previously cited from Italy without collecting data. Oecocecis guyonella Guenée, 1870 was found in Libya and Amblypalpis olivierella Ragonot, 1886 (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera) in Jordan, Libya, Northern Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates. In addition, Saphonecrus gal…

Horizontally transmitted parasitoid killing factor shapes insect defense to parasitoids

2021

Protection from parasitism by a virus Parasitoid wasps have developed myriad systems to overcome the defense mechanisms of their hosts as they lay their eggs in the bodies and eggs of targeted species. Gasmi et al . report how the host can fight back when infected by a virus that expresses a protein conferring resistance to the parasitoid. When members of the butterfly and moth family are targeted by wasps, a protein family has evolved that is horizontally carried by viruses—and sometimes is incorporated into the host genome—and impairs the ability of parasitoid offspring to fully develop and emerge. Characterizing the ability of this protein to protect hosts against specific parasites, the…

2005

Background Despite the two-fold cost of sex, most of the higher animals reproduce sexually. The advantage of sex has been suggested to be its ability, through recombination, to generate greater genetic diversity than asexuality, thus enhancing adaptation in a changing environment. We studied the genetic diversity and the population structure of three closely related species of bag worm moths: two strictly sexual (Dahlica charlottae and Siederia rupicolella) and one strictly asexual (D. fennicella). These species compete for the same resources and share the same parasitoids.

2015

Bracoviruses are symbiotic viruses associated with tens of thousands of species of parasitic wasps that develop within the body of lepidopteran hosts and that collectively parasitize caterpillars of virtually every lepidopteran species. Viral particles are produced in the wasp ovaries and injected into host larvae with the wasp eggs. Once in the host body, the viral DNA circles enclosed in the particles integrate into lepidopteran host cell DNA. Here we show that bracovirus DNA sequences have been inserted repeatedly into lepidopteran genomes, indicating this viral DNA can also enter germline cells. The original mode of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) unveiled here is based on the integrativ…

Mitochondrial Dna Sequence Variation among Geographic Strains of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

1997

We examined genetic variation among 6 geographic strains of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), using 365 base pairs of the mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome oxidase I (COI). No sequence variation was detected within 5 of the 6 strains; 1 strain contained 2 haplotypes that differed by a single base substitution (0.27%). Sequence differences between strains of diamondback moth from Hawaii, the Philippines, and Pennsylvania ranged from 0 to 0.82%. With one exception, base pair substitutions among strains resulted in synonymous codons and did not alter amino acid sequence. Genetic divergence between strains of diamondback moth was not correlated with geographic distances between t…

Transformation of clay-sized minerals in soils exposed to prolonged regular alternation of redox conditions

2016

Abstract The direction of the transformation of Fe-bearing minerals under harshly changing redox conditions is still under debate. Some studies suggest preferential accumulation of weakly crystalline Fe oxides while other studies showed that repeated redox cycles favour the presence of crystalline phases. Since characterized by distinct redox cycles, paddy soils are ideal for studying redox-related transformations of Fe oxides and Fe-bearing clay minerals. We analysed changes in the Fe mineral assemblage upon long-term reduction–oxidation cycles along a chronosequence of 100, 700, and 2000-year-old paddy soils developed on comparable parent material relative to two non-irrigated counterpart…

In-situ transformation of iron-bearing minerals in marshland-derived paddy subsoil

2016

Transformations of Fe-bearing minerals under alternating redox conditions are not fully understood. In-situ approaches under field conditions have rarely been used. We exposed mesh bags containing ferrihydrite, goethite or nontronite to changing redox conditions in subsoil that had been under paddy management for 100, 700 and 2000 years. After 12 months, the minerals were retrieved and analysed for organic carbon and by X-ray diffraction; in addition, nontronite was analysed for cation exchange capacity and by Mossbauer spectroscopy at 278 and 4.2 K. Field exposure of the test minerals was complemented by measurements of soil redox potential and analyses of soil water. Minerals accumulated …

Reduced membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase does not affect binding of Vip3Aa in a Heliothis virescens resistant colony

2020

The Vip3Aa insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is produced by specific transgenic corn and cotton varieties for efficient control of target lepidopteran pests. The main threat to this technology is the evolution of resistance in targeted insect pests and understanding the mechanistic basis of resistance is crucial to deploy the most appropriate strategies for resistance management. In this work, we tested whether alteration of membrane receptors in the insect midgut might explain the &gt

Information on the macrolepidoptera fauna of “Dumbrava Sibiului” oak forest (Sibiu, Romania)

2015

In order to establish systematic, ecological and ethological studies, it is extremely important to know the composition of faunal species of Lepidoptera collected in the past and present from "Dumbrava Sibiului" Forest located on the outskirts of Sibiu in central Romania. To assess the current state of Lepidoptera species, we conducted a complex research which was carried out for over 13 years, based on our own samples collected: from March to November, but also on the data resulted from studying the species existing in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Sibiu. After the research we have identified a number of 243 species belonging to 14 families collected over time from "Dumb…

Investigations sur la distribution des arthropodes cécidogènes (inducteurs de «galles» sur les plantes) au long de la «Côte bourguignonne», entre Cha…

2020

15 pages; National audience; Les arthropodes inducteurs de galles sur les végétaux figurent parmi lesherbivores entretenant les relations les plus intimes, et corrélativement les plus étroites, avec leurs plantes hôtes respectives. À cet égard, il semble donc assez naturel de réaliser des inventaires superposables à des unités phytogéographiques caractérisées. Le présent inventaire répond à cette approche en se focalisant sur une unité bien définie, la « Côte bourguignonne » prise au sens large, de Chatillon-sur-Seine à Mâcon, les observations s’étendant à une dizaine d’alliancesphytosociologiques typiques de ces côtes calcaires en ambiance plus ou moins xérothermique.Inventaire entomologiq…