Search results for "Equality."
showing 10 items of 1308 documents
Testing the Martingale Property of Exchange Rates: A Replication
2010
In this paper, we test the martingale property of a set of U.S. exchange rates already analyzed in a recent paper by Yilmaz [J. of Buss. and Ec. Stat., 2003]. We claim that the tests used by Yilmaz are not the most convenient to test the martingale hypothesis (or the equivalent martingale difference of the returns); hence, we compute a recently proposed test by Kuan and Lee [Stud. in Nonlin. Dyn. and Econ., 2004] and compare our results to Yilmaz's. Striking differences arise, which can give a clue about the type of data generating process governing the evolution of exchange rates in each sub-period.
On Fuzzy Stochastic Integral Equations—A Martingale Problem Approach
2011
In the paper we consider fuzzy stochastic integral equations using the methods of stochastic inclusions. The idea is to consider an associated martingale problem and its solutions in order to obtain a solution to the fuzzy stochastic equation.
Martingale Convergence Theorems and Their Applications
2020
We became familiar with martingales X=(X n ) n∈N0 as fair games and found that under certain transformations (optional stopping, discrete stochastic integral) martingales turn into martingales. In this chapter, we will see that under weak conditions (non-negativity or uniform integrability) martingales converge almost surely. Furthermore, the martingale structure implies L p -convergence under assumptions that are (formally) weaker than those of Chapter 7. The basic ideas of this chapter are Doob’s inequality (Theorem 11.4) and the upcrossing inequality (Lemma 11.3).
Regional inequalities and economic downturns
2011
The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of economic downturns on regional inequalities. From a theoretical point of view regional inequalities may change in the aftermath of economic downturns if different regions have a different degree of resilience to a common shock or/and a different speed of adjustment. To test for this hypothesis we estimate the dynamic response of regional inequalities to economic downturns, controlling and interacting for country’s structural and policy variables associated to regional inequalities. The set of such variables includes, among others, the share of rural population, demographic changes, educational disparities, production diversification, the l…
La igualdad de recursos de Ronald Dworkin: ¿una concepción fallida? | Dworkin’s Equality of Resources, a failed account?
2014
Resumen: Este artículo analiza la igualdad de recursos planteada por Ronald Dworkin. Sostiene que la propuesta es exitosa a la hora de mostrar que, bien entendida, la responsabilidad individual justifica un estado del bienestar más generoso que los que tenemos pero que no consigue identificar adecuadamente instituciones que la satisfagan adecuadamente. Dworkin no resuelve bien las objeciones que cuestionan la capacidad de su propuesta para generar resultados que sean fieles a la intuición que la motiva. Su respuesta hace depender el éxito de la implementación de su teoría de circunstancias que pueden no darse en la realidad. Abstract: This article examines Ronald Dworkin’s equality of res…
On the metric properties of dynamic time warping
1987
Recently, some new and promising methods have been proposed to reduce the number of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) computations in Isolated Word Recognition. For these methods to be properly applicable, the verification of the Triangle Inequality (TI) by the DTW-based Dissimilarity Measure utilized seems to be an important prerequisite.
Preserving entanglement and nonlocality in solid-state qubits by dynamical decoupling
2014
In this paper we study how to preserve entanglement and nonlocality under dephasing produced by classical noise with large low-frequency components, as $1/f$ noise, by Dynamical Decoupling techniques. We first show that quantifiers of entanglement and nonlocality satisfy a closed relation valid for two independent qubits locally coupled to a generic environment under pure dephasing and starting from a general class of initial states. This result allows to assess the efficiency of pulse-based dynamical decoupling for protecting nonlocal quantum correlations between two qubits subject to pure-dephasing local random telegraph and $1/f$-noise. We investigate the efficiency of an "entanglement m…
Under Our Eye: Margaret Atwood's Variation on the Panopticon in "The Heart Goes Last"
2020
In her dystopian dark comedy The Heart Goes Last (2015), Margaret Atwood openly refers to Jeremy Bentham’s concept of the Panopticon. The future world depicted in her novel is filled with violence and deprived of both human bonds and hope. Hence, being contained, monitored and — after Foucault — disciplined and punished appears to be the characters’ last resort. Surveillance tempts both sexes as it is politically correct and universal, and it does not privilege one group of people over the other. The article discusses the dystopian vision of the near future as created by Atwood in her 2015 novel, with direct references to the conception of the Panopticon, both in its original meaning propos…
Shadows under the North Star- The inequality developing in Finnish school education
2018
In Finland, the National Core Curriculum for Basic Education is supposed to ensure equal opportunity for enrollment to upper secondary education by defining the learning objectives for each school subject at the end of basic education. The first nine years of education in Finland are described locally as ‘basic education’. Having equal learning opportunity as the leading ideal of educational equity implies that no statistically significant differences should prevail between groups, such as genders or regions. This study sets out to map the fulfilment of equality via two research questions: How do learning outcomes at the end of basic education vary across certain background variables in thr…
Social Dimension and Inequality Problems in the European Union
2017
The purpose of this paper is to introduce evaluation of social development convergence between EU-28 member states in the context of the EU cohesion policy. The main tasks of this study is to assess social dimension and inequalities problems in the European states by applying theory of convergence for real estimations social situations in EU countries. Additionally the development challenges are discussed for improvement of the socio-economic well-being of EU states and to avoid social disparities. The research methodology is based on the convergence theory, on the EU strategies, European Commission legitimate documents application, on the calculations and socio-economic forecasts analysis …