Search results for "Equality."

Construyendo ciudadanía inclusiva y movimientos sociales de participación desde España e Italia: una perspectiva comparada

2015

Hoy, la redefinicion de la ciudadania y el progresivo incremento de los movimientos sociales de participacion son dos retos democraticos inaplazables en Espana e Italia. El primero es la lucha por la inclusion de los inmigrantes que tensiona los principios democraticos en Espana dada la clausula constitucional que vincula el derecho de sufragio al criterio de la reciprocidad, mientras que en Italia hay un laberinto juridico y doctrinal sobre la necesidad de reforma constitucional. El segundo son los movimientos de participacion ciudadana y de protesta social como el 15-M en Espana y el M5s en Italia que reivindican mayor protagonismo de la ciudadania y sus intereses en la constitucion del E…

Evolution of external female genital mutilation : why do males harm their mates?

2017

Sperm competition may select for male reproductive traits that influence female mating or oviposition rate. These traits may induce fitness costs to the female; however, they may be costly for the males as well as any decrease in female fitness also affects male fitness. Male adaptations to sperm competition manipulate females by altering not only female behaviour or physiology, but also female morphology. In orb-weaving spiders, mating may entail mutilation of external structures of the female genitalia, which prevents genital coupling with subsequent males. Here, we present a game theoretical model showing that external female genital mutilation is favoured even under relatively high cost…

Deliberation favours social efficiency by making people disregard their relative shares: evidence from USA and India

2017

Groups make decisions on both the production and the distribution of resources. These decisions typically involve a tension between increasing the total level of group resources (i.e. social efficiency) and distributing these resources among group members (i.e. individuals' relative shares). This is the case because the redistribution process may destroy part of the resources, thus resulting in socially inefficient allocations. Here we apply a dual-process approach to understand the cognitive underpinnings of this fundamental tension. We conducted a set of experiments to examine the extent to which different allocation decisions respond to intuition or deliberation. In a newly developed app…

The age of peak performance in Ironman triathlon: a cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis.

2013

Abstract Background The aims of the present study were, firstly, to investigate in a cross-sectional analysis the age of peak Ironman performance within one calendar year in all qualifiers for Ironman Hawaii and Ironman Hawaii; secondly, to determine in a longitudinal analysis on a qualifier for Ironman Hawaii whether the age of peak Ironman performance and Ironman performance itself change across years; and thirdly, to determine the gender difference in performance. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis, the age of the top ten finishers for all qualifier races for Ironman Hawaii and Ironman Hawaii was determined in 2010. For a longitudinal analysis, the age and the performance of the annua…

Guía para la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la docencia en Sociología, Economía y Ciencias Políticas

2019

Sociology has constructed a male worldview that entails a biased interpretation of social reality. For its part, the traditional economy has made invisible the dependence of the commercial sphere of the domestic sphere. And in the field of political science, we also find many gender biases in basic concepts such as justice, equality or citizenship. This article, based on the work done by the authors in the Guia per a una docència universitària amb perspectiva de gènere de Sociologia, Economia i Ciència Política, offers some proposals, teaching resources and consultation tools to introduce the gender perspective in teaching, knowledge transfer and research in these disciplines.

2021

Animal Welfare Attitudes (AWA) are defined as human attitudes towards the welfare of animals in different dimensions and settings. Demographic factors, such as age and gender are associated with AWA. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences among university students in a large convenience sample from twenty-two nations in AWA. A total of 7914 people participated in the study (5155 women, 2711 men, 48 diverse). Participants completed a questionnaire that collected demographic data, typical diet and responses to the Composite Respect for Animals Scale Short version (CRAS-S). In addition, we used a measure of gender empowerment from the Human Development Report. The largest varia…

Sharp capacity estimates for annuli in weighted R^n and in metric spaces

2017

We obtain estimates for the nonlinear variational capacity of annuli in weighted R^n and in metric spaces. We introduce four different (pointwise) exponent sets, show that they all play fundamental roles for capacity estimates, and also demonstrate that whether an end point of an exponent set is attained or not is important. As a consequence of our estimates we obtain, for instance, criteria for points to have zero (resp. positive) capacity. Our discussion holds in rather general metric spaces, including Carnot groups and many manifolds, but it is just as relevant on weighted R^n. Indeed, to illustrate the sharpness of our estimates, we give several examples of radially weighted R^n, which …

Contradictions as Drivers for Improving Inclusion in Teaching Pupils with Special Educational Needs

2018

The aim of this paper is to enhance understanding of the contradictions that arise in the drive to improve teaching practices among pupils with special educational needs (SENs). A questionnaire was administrated to 167 classroom teachers, subject teachers, special education teachers and teaching assistants in Finland. The analysis, based on thematic coding and analysis of manifestations of contradictions, revealed contradictions related to artefacts of teaching, participation in the community and school staff’s professional ability to teach SEN pupils in mainstream. Four types of manifestations, namely conflicts, critical conflicts, dilemmas, and double binds, could be identified in the dat…

Minimality via second variation for microphase separation of diblock copolymer melts

2017

Abstract We consider a non-local isoperimetric problem arising as the sharp interface limit of the Ohta–Kawasaki free energy introduced to model microphase separation of diblock copolymers. We perform a second order variational analysis that allows us to provide a quantitative second order minimality condition. We show that critical configurations with positive second variation are indeed strict local minimizers of the problem. Moreover, we provide, via a suitable quantitative inequality of isoperimetric type, an estimate of the deviation from minimality for configurations close to the minimum in the L 1 {L^{1}} -topology.

Additional file 2: of Employment stability and mental health in Spain: towards understanding the influence of gender and partner/marital status

2018

Figure S1. Association between mental health status and employment stability by partner/marital status among men and women. Spanish National Health Survey, 2006. (DOCX 112 kb)