Search results for "Equality."

Effect of even and odd-order aberrations on the accommodation response

2017

Aim To investigate the potential effect that odd and even-order monochromatic aberrations may have on the accommodation response of the human eye. Methods Eight healthy subjects with astigmatism below 1 D, best corrected visual acuity 20/20 or better and normal findings in an ophthalmic examination were enrolled. An adaptive optics system was used in order to measure the accommodation response of the subjects' eyes under different conditions: with the natural aberrations being present, and with the odd and even-order aberrations being corrected. Three measurements of accommodation response were monocularly acquired at accommodation demands ranging from 0 to 4 D (0.5 D step). Results The acc…

Validación argentina de la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social

2014

La teoría de la dominancia social expresa el deseo de los individuos por establecer y mantener jerarquías sociales a través de la subordinación de ciertos grupos a otros. Para evaluar las diferencias individuales en este constructo, los autores elaboraron la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social, cuya formulación original presentaba una estructura factorial unidimensional. Sin embargo, trabajos posteriores han señalado la presencia de una estructura bifactorial para el estudio del constructo, compuesta por la oposición a la igualdad y la dominancia grupal. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal la adaptación y validación de la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social, p…

On State Constrained Optimal Shape Design Problems

1987

This paper is concerned with the following optimal design problem with constraints both on the state and on the control: $$MinimizeJ(y,u)$$ (P) subject to $$A\left( u \right)y + \partial \varphi \left( y \right) \mathrel\backepsilon Bu + f,$$ (1.1) $$y \in K,$$ (1.2) $$u \in {U_{ad}}.$$ (1.3)

Optimal design of complex passive-damping systems for vibration control of large structures: An energy-to-peak approach

2014

Published version of an article in the journal: Abstract and Applied Analysis. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/510236 Open Access We present a new design strategy that makes it possible to synthesize decentralized output-feedback controllers by solving two successive optimization problems with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. In the initial LMI optimization problem, two auxiliary elements are computed: a standard state-feedback controller, which can be taken as a reference in the performance assessment, and a matrix that facilitates a proper definition of the main LMI optimization problem. Next, by solving the second optimization problem, the …

Contact Shape Optimization

1995

Shape optimization is a branch of the optimal control theory in which the control variable is connected with the geometry of the problem. The aim is to find a shape from an a priori defined class of domains, for wich the corresponding cost functional attains its minimum. Shape optimization of mechanical systems, behaviour of which is described by equations, has been very well analyzed from the mathematical, as well as from the mechanical point of view, see [1], [2], [3] and references therein. The aim of this contribution is to extend results to the case, in which the system is described by the so called variational inequalities. There are two reasons for doing that: 1) The behavior of many…

Optimal Control for Plate Problems

2003

The variational approach leading to indirect methods Optimal Control Problems is applied to the study of simply supported and clamped plates. A unified approach based on distributed optimal control problems governed by second order elliptic boundary value problems and their penalization is used.

Employment sector and pay gaps: Genetic and environmental influences

2012

This paper examines the role of genetic factors and shared environment in explaining the choice of working in the public sector and public-private sector pay gaps. The analyses are done using data for Finnish twins that span the period from 1990 to 2004. The data are based on two sources. The first data are Finnish Twin Cohort conducted by Department of Public Health in University of Helsinki. These data have been matched with the Finnish Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data (FLEED) kept by Statistics Finland. The standard behavioural genetics decomposition and DF (DeFries and Fulker 1985) analyses indicate that public sector employment is broadly influenced by the genetic factors by around …

Mobilizing against Inequality: Unions, Immigrant Workers, and the Crisis of Capitalism, edited by Lee H.Adler, MaiteTapia and LowellTurner. Cornell U…

2015

Gendered Labor Market (dis)advantages in Nordic Welfare States. Introduction to the Theme of the Special Issue

2021

Gender equality has been named as one of the normative foundations of Nordic wel- fare states. This is reflected in how, year after year, Nordic states rank among the most gender egalitarian countries in the world (see, e.g., World Economic Forum 2020). In Nordic countries, the state has been, and continues to be, a central actor in shaping women’s citizenship, labor market opportunities, and caring roles. Especially publicly funded welfare services and policies that facilitate the reconciliation of work and care have played a major part in advancing women’s labor market participation (see, e.g., Bergquist et al. 1999; Borchorst & Siim 2002; Ellingsæter & Leira 2006; Siim & Stol…

Will COVID-19 Have Long-Lasting Effects on Inequality? Evidence from Past Pandemics

2022

This paper provides evidence on the impact of major epidemics from the past two decades on income distribution. The pandemics in our sample, even though much smaller in scale than COVID-19, have led to increases in the Gini coefficient, raised the income share of higher-income deciles, and lowered the employment-to-population ratio for those with basic education compared to those with higher education. We provide some evidence that the distributional consequences from the current pandemic may be larger than those flowing from the historical pandemics in our sample, and larger than those following typical recessions and financial crises.The online version contains supplementary material avai…