Search results for "Equations"

showing 10 items of 955 documents

Higher-order gravity in higher dimensions: geometrical origins of four-dimensional cosmology?

2017

Determining cosmological field equations represents a still very debated matter and implies a wide discussion around different theoretical proposals. A suitable conceptual scheme could be represented by gravity models that naturally generalize Einstein Theory like higher order gravity theories and higher dimensional ones. Both of these two different approaches allow to define, at the effective level, Einstein field equations equipped with source-like energy momentum tensors of geometrical origin. In this paper, it is discussed the possibility to develop a five dimensional fourth order gravity model whose lower dimensional reduction could provide an interpretation of cosmological four dimens…

PhysicsPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)010308 nuclear & particles physicsFOS: Physical sciencesEnergy–momentum relationGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)01 natural sciencesPower lawComplete fieldGeneral Relativity and Quantum CosmologyCosmologysymbols.namesakeTheoretical physicsTheory of relativityDimensional reduction0103 physical sciencesEinstein field equationssymbolsEinstein010303 astronomy & astrophysicsEngineering (miscellaneous)The European Physical Journal C
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On the convexity of Relativistic Hydrodynamics

2013

The relativistic hydrodynamic system of equations for a perfect fluid obeying a causal equation of state is hyperbolic (Anile 1989 {\it Relativistic Fluids and Magneto-Fluids} (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)). In this report, we derive the conditions for this system to be convex in terms of the fundamental derivative of the equation of state (Menikoff and Plohr 1989 {\it Rev. Mod. Phys.} {\bf 61} 75). The classical limit is recovered.

PhysicsPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)Equation of state (cosmology)Regular polygonFOS: Physical sciencesPerfect fluidDerivativeGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)System of linear equationsGeneral Relativity and Quantum CosmologyRelativistic hydrodynamic systemConvexityClassical limitConvexityAstronomía y AstrofísicaMathematical physics
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A multiscale approach to liquid flows in pipes I: The single pipe

2012

Abstract In the present paper we study the propagation of pressure waves in a barotropic flow through a pipe, with a possibly varying cross-sectional area. The basic model is the Saint–Venant system. We derive two multiscale models for the cases of weak and strong damping, respectively, which describe the time evolution of the piezometric head and the velocity. If the damping is weak, then the corresponding first-order hyperbolic system is linear but contains an additional integro-differential equation that takes into account the damping. In the case of strong damping, the system is nonlinear. The full and multiscale models are compared numerically; we also discuss results obtained by a lar…

PhysicsPipe flowWater hammerApplied MathematicsTime evolutionMechanicsPipe flow; Saint-Venant equations; multiscale analysis; water-hammer; pressure wavesmultiscale analysisPipe flowwater-hammerComputational MathematicsNonlinear systemHydraulic headFlow (mathematics)pressure wavesBarotropic fluidSaint-Venant equationsShallow water equationsSimulation
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self-consistent approach to describe unit-cell-parameter and volume variations with pressure and temperature

2021

A method is presented for the self-consistent description of the variations of unit-cell parameters of crystals with pressure and temperature.

PhysicsPolynomialequations of state; unit-cell parameters; EosFit; pressureequations of stateMathematical analysis02 engineering and technologySelf consistentTriclinic crystal system010502 geochemistry & geophysics021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyResearch Papers01 natural sciencesGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyThermal expansionpressureVolume (thermodynamics)unit-cell parametersEosFitCompressibility0210 nano-technologyUnit (ring theory)0105 earth and related environmental sciencesMonoclinic crystal system
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High Reynolds number Navier-Stokes solutions and boundary layer separation induced by a rectilinear vortex array

2008

Numerical solutions of Prandtl’s equation and Navier Stokes equations are considered for the two dimensional flow induced by an array of periodic rec- tilinear vortices interacting with an infinite plane. We show how this initial datum develops a separation singularity for Prandtl equation. We investigate the asymptotic validity of boundary layer theory considering numerical solu- tions for the full Navier Stokes equations at high Reynolds numbers.

PhysicsPrandtl numberMathematical analysisMathematics::Analysis of PDEsReynolds numberNon-dimensionalization and scaling of the Navier–Stokes equationsunsteady separationReynolds equationPhysics::Fluid DynamicsFlow separationsymbols.namesakeBoundary layerPrandtl equation interactive viscous–inviscid equation.Navier Stokes solutionsymbolszero viscosity limitNavier–Stokes equationsReynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equationsSettore MAT/07 - Fisica Matematica
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Three dimensional dynamics of ferromagnetic swimmer

2011

It is shown that a flexible ferromagnetic filament self-propels perpendicularly to the AC magnetic field during a limited period of time due to the instability of the planar motion with respect to three dimensional perturbations. The transition from the oscillating U-like shapes to the oscillating S-like shapes is characterized by the calculated Wr number.

PhysicsProtein filamentPlanarCondensed matter physicsFerromagnetismOscillationPerpendicularEquations of motionCondensed Matter PhysicsInstabilityElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsMagnetic fieldJournal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
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Master equations for correlated quantum channels

2012

We derive the general form of a master equation describing the interaction of an arbitrary multipartite quantum system, consisting of a set of subsystems, with an environment, consisting of a large number of sub-envirobments. Each subsystem "collides" with the same sequence of sub-environments which, in between the collisions, evolve according to a map that mimics relaxations effects. No assumption is made on the specific nature of neither the system nor the environment. In the weak coupling regime, we show that the collisional model produces a correlated Markovian evolution for the joint density matrix of the multipartite system. The associated Linblad super-operator contains pairwise term…

PhysicsQuantum PhysicsQuantum decoherenceStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)Lindblad equationFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and AstronomyMathematical Physics (math-ph)Settore FIS/03 - Fisica Della MateriaClassical mechanicsQuantum processMaster equationLindblad superoperatorQuantum operationQuantum algorithmQuantum Physics (quant-ph)QuantumCondensed Matter - Statistical MechanicsMathematical Physicsopen quantum systems master equations quantum correlations
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Asymptotic properties of the Dirac quantum cellular automaton

2016

We show that the Dirac quantum cellular automaton [Ann. Phys. 354 (2015) 244] shares many properties in common with the discrete-time quantum walk. These similarities can be exploited to study the automaton as a unitary process that takes place at regular time steps on a one-dimensional lattice, in the spirit of general quantum cellular automata. In this way, it becomes an alternative to the quantum walk, with a dispersion relation that can be controlled by a parameter, which plays a similar role to the coin angle in the quantum walk. The Dirac Hamiltonian is recovered under a suitable limit. We provide two independent analytical approximations to the long term probability distribution. It …

PhysicsQuantum PhysicsQuantum discordFOS: Physical sciencesFísica01 natural sciences010305 fluids & plasmassymbols.namesakeClassical mechanicsQuantum processDirac equation0103 physical sciencessymbolsTwo-body Dirac equationsQuantum algorithmQuantum walkQuantum Physics (quant-ph)010306 general physicsHamiltonian (quantum mechanics)Quantum cellular automatonPhysical Review A
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Solution of the Lindblad equation in Kraus representation

2006

The so-called Lindblad equation, a typical master equation describing the dissipative quantum dynamics, is shown to be solvable for finite-level systems in a compact form without resort to writing it down as a set of equations among matrix elements. The solution is then naturally given in an operator form, known as the Kraus representation. Following a few simple examples, the general applicability of the method is clarified.

PhysicsQuantum PhysicsSettore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica Modelli E Metodi MatematiciLindblad equationFOS: Physical sciencesAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsSettore FIS/03 - Fisica Della MateriaThe so-called Lindblad equation a typical master equation describing the dissipative quantum dynamics is shown to be solvable for finite-level systems in a compact form without resort to writing it down as a set of equations among matrix elements. The solution is then naturally given in an operator form known as the Kraus representation. Following a few simple examples the general applicability of the method is clarified.Open quantum systemQuantum processMaster equationDissipative systemQuantum operationMethod of quantum characteristicsQuantum Physics (quant-ph)Quantum statistical mechanicsMathematical physics
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Reconstruction of Markovian master equation parameters through symplectic tomography

2009

In open quantum systems, phenomenological master equations with unknown parameters are often introduced. Here we propose a time-independent procedure based on quantum tomography to reconstruct the potentially unknown parameters of a wide class of Markovian master equations. According to our scheme, the system under investigation is initially prepared in a Gaussian state. At an arbitrary time t, in order to retrieve the unknown coefficients one needs to measure only a finite number (ten at maximum) of points along three time-independent tomograms. Due to the limited amount of measurements required, we expect our proposal to be especially suitable for experimental implementations.

PhysicsQuantum PhysicsSettore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica Modelli E Metodi MatematiciQuantum decoherenceTomography Markovian master equations Gaussian statesGaussianFOS: Physical sciencesMarkov processQuantum tomographyMeasure (mathematics)Atomic and Molecular Physics and Opticssymbols.namesakeQuantum mechanicsMaster equationsymbolsApplied mathematicsQuantum Physics (quant-ph)Finite setQuantumPhysical Review A
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