Search results for "Equilibrium thermodynamics"

showing 2 items of 132 documents

Exploring fast proton transfer events associated with lateral proton diffusion on the surface of membranes

2019

Proton diffusion (PD) across biological membranes is a fundamental process in many biological systems, and much experimental and theoretical effort has been employed for deciphering it. Here, we report on a spectroscopic probe, which can be tightly tethered to the membrane, for following fast (nanosecond) proton transfer events on the surface of membranes. Our probe is composed of a photoacid that serves as our light-induced proton source for the initiation of the PD process. We use our probe to follow PD, and its pH dependence, on the surface of lipid vesicles composed of a zwitterionic headgroup, a negative headgroup, a headgroup that is composed only from the negative phosphate group, or…

protonitkalvot (orgaaniset objektit)ProtonDiffusionNon-equilibrium thermodynamics02 engineering and technologylipidit010402 general chemistryKinetic energy01 natural sciencesdiffuusioMolecular dynamicsdiffuusio (fysikaaliset ilmiöt)proton diffusionmolekyylidynamiikkata116MultidisciplinaryChemistryBiological membraneNanosecondphotoacid021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologymolecular dynamics0104 chemical scienceslipid vesiclesMembraneexcited-state proton transferPNAS PlusChemical physicslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)0210 nano-technologyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
researchProduct

Thermodynamics: Classical Framework

2016

This chapter starts with a summary of the thermodynamic potentials and the relationships between them which are obtained from Legendre transformation. This is followed by an excursion to some important global properties of materials such as specific heat, expansion coefficients and others. The thermodynamic relations provide the basis for a discussion of continuous changes of state which are illustrated by the Joule-Thomson effect and the Van der Waals gas. These are models which are more realistic than the ideal gas. The discussion of Carnot cycles leads to and illustrates the second and third laws of thermodynamics. The chapter closes with a discussion of entropy as a concave function of …

symbols.namesakeEntropy (classical thermodynamics)Fundamental thermodynamic relationOn the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous SubstancessymbolsNon-equilibrium thermodynamicsStatistical physicsCarnot cycleThermodynamic systemLaws of thermodynamicsThermodynamic potentialMathematics
researchProduct