Search results for "Ethano"

The identification of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-independent effects of oleoylethanolamide on intestinal transit in mice

2009

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous lipid produced in the intestine that mediates satiety by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). OEA inhibits gastric emptying and intestinal motility, but the mechanism of action remains to be determined. We investigated whether OEA inhibits intestinal motility by activation of PPARalpha. PPARalpha immunoreactivity was examined in whole mount preparations of mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The effect of OEA on motility was assessed in wildtype, PPARalpha, cannabinoid CB(1) receptor and CB(2) receptor gene-deficient mice and in a model of accelerated GI transit. In addition, the effect of OEA on motility was as…

Lack of autoreceptor mediated regulation of the spontaneous dopamine turnover in the isolated neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland in vi…

1990

Isolated neurointermediate lobes of the rat pituitary gland were incubated in Krebs-HEPES solution and the spontaneous outflow of endogenous dopamine and its metabolites (DOPAC, HVA and MOPET) was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The spontaneous outflow of dopamine metabolites (about 1500 fmol/10 min) largely exceeded that of dopamine (about 60 fmol/10 min). Apomorphine concentration-dependently (IC50, 205 nmol/l) reduced the spontaneous outflow of the dopamine metabolites. The effect of apomorphine developed slowly and was progressive over an observation period of 70 min. After 1 h of exposure to a maximall effective concentration of apomorphine (10 mumol/l), the outflow …

Release of endogenous 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine and its metabolites from the isolated neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland. Effects …

1986

: Isolated rat neurointermediate lobes were incubated in vitro. The release of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine, DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and methoxyphenylethanol (MOPET) was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Under resting conditions, the outflow of metabolites was 35–50 times that of DA. HVA accounted for 50%, DOPAC for 45%, and MOPET for 5% of the metabolites. Although an equivalent of 40–50% of the tissue DA content was released per hour as metabolites, the tissue DA content was not reduced after 110 min of incubation. The spontaneous outflow of DA and its metabolites was not affected by the DA uptake inhibitor GBR 12921 (1…

Ethanol inhibits astroglial cell proliferation by disruption of phospholipase D-mediated signaling.

2002

The activation of phospholipase D (PLD) is a common response to mitogenic stimuli in various cell types. As PLD-mediated signaling is known to be disrupted in the presence of ethanol, we tested whether PLD is involved in the ethanol-induced inhibition of cell proliferation in rat cortical primary astrocytes. Readdition of fetal calf serum (FCS) to serum-deprived astroglial cultures caused a rapid, threefold increase of PLD activity and a strong mitogenic response; both effects were dependent on tyrosine kinases but not on protein kinase C. Ethanol (0.1-2%) suppressed the FCS-induced, PLD-mediated formation of phosphatidic acid (PA) as well as astroglial cell proliferation in a concentration…

Influence of different alcohol intake frequencies on alveolar bone loss in adult rats : a sem study

2018

Background Alcohol intake is associated with oral diseases and bone changes including alveolar bone loss in humans and in experimental animals. The main aim of the present study is to assess the effect of long-term alcohol intake, at different frequencies, on periodontal bone loss (PBL) in adult rats. Material and Methods Thirty-six (36) rats were divided into 3 groups: Control (daily water intake, n=12), daily alcohol intake (20% ethanol, n=12), and social alcohol intake (20% ethanol twice a week, n=12). The rats were sacrificed after 90 days and their right maxillae were removed. Initially, a random portion from each group was analyzed through SEM (scanning electron microscope) to assess …

Assessing alcohol consumption through wastewater-based epidemiology: Spain as a case study

2020

Background In this study, an alternative and complementary method to those approaches currently used to estimate alcohol consumption by the population is described. This method, known as wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), allows back-calculating the alcohol consumption rate in a given population from the concentrations of a selected biomarker measured in wastewater. Methods Composite (24-h) wastewater samples were collected at the inlet of 17 wastewater treatment plants located in 13 Spanish cities for seven consecutive days in 2018. The sampled area covered 12.8% of the Spanish population. Wastewater samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of ethyl sulfate, the biomarker use…

Role of carnoy’s solution in the treatment of keratocystic odontogenic tumor: A systematic review

2016

Introduction and Objective The keratocystic odontogenic tumor is a benign but aggressive neoplasm. As enucleation alone obtains high recurrence rates, some adjuvant treatments such as Carnoy’s solution have been proposed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reduction of recurrences with the use of Carnoy’s solution as adjuvant in the treatment of keratocystic odontogenic tumors. Material and Methods An electronic search in Pubmed (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect and Cochrane databases was conducted with the key words “odontogenic keratocyst”, “keratocystic odontogenic tumor”, “carnoy’s solution”, “treatment” and “enucleation”. The inclusion criteria were clinical studies using Carnoy’s solutio…

Nitric oxide and sensory afferent neurones modulate the protective effects of low-dose endotoxin on rat gastric mucosal damage

1995

Pretreatment (1 h) with low doses (5-40 micrograms/kg i.p.) of Escherichia coli endotoxin dose dependently reduced the gastric mucosal damage induced by a 10 min challenge with 1 ml ethanol (50% and 100%) in conscious rats. Treatment with the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 5 and 10 mg/kg i.p.), significantly inhibited the protective effects of endotoxin (40 micrograms/kg i.p.). The actions of L-NAME were reversed by the prior administration of L-arginine (100 mg/kg i.p.). The protective effects of endotoxin were not influenced by pretreatment with dexamethasone (5 mg/kg s.c. twice) or indomethacin (5 mg/kg s.c.). However, ablation of sensory affe…

Investigation of the methanotrophic activity in the soils of a geothermal site of Pantelleria Island (Italy)

2013

Role of intracellular calcium on ethanol-induced activation of protein kinase A: molecular model and behavioral consequences

2014

Ethanol can be considered a weak drug when compared to most other drugs of abuse. The molecule of ethanol has no asymmetric carbon. Being so, it does not interact with the biological substrates in a stereoselective way as most of the receptor ligand drugs do. Moreover, ethanol has a very simple chemical structure. Thus, the hydroxyl group provides a dipole that allows the formation of hydrogen bonds. It is the formation of hydrogen bonds that makes ethanol soluble in water. In contrast, ethanol presents an aliphatic moiety that provides a lipophilic group that can interact with non-polar cellular elements. However, contrary to what it is generally believed, ethanol has low lipid solubility.…