Search results for "Ethanol fuel"

Grape pulp, grape pips and their mixture: Novel substrates or supports for solid state fermentation

1997

Grape marc, comprising of grape pulp and grape pips, is generated in high quantities during ethanol production, but has no significant commercial value. The components of the grape marc, individually or in combination, can serve as substrate or support in solid state fermentation. The potential benefits of sieved fractions (800-3150 µm particle size) was, therefore, evaluated using Trichoderma viride, with or whithout enrichment. Based on sorption isotherm profiles, grape pulp showed the best performance, though its ability to promote biomass formation was the lowest. The latter could be improved by enrichment with glucose. It, thus, offers potential as a reusable support. Grape pips promot…

Cu-B alloy - analysis of use possibility as fuel cell cathode catalyst

2016

In recent years there has been a development of non-conventional and renewable sources of energy. One such sources of energy are fuel cells. Fuel cells are ecological and high efficiency sources of electric energy. However, the use of fuel cells on a large scale is limited, mainly by the high cost of catalysts. Platinum is most commonly used as the catalyst. But due to the high price of platinum there’s a need for finding other catalysts. Replacement of platinum will contribute to the fast development of green energy sources. This paper presents a study of possibility of using Cu-B alloy as catalyst for oxygen electrode in fuel cells. Researches were done in glass vessel, on a copper electr…

Proton Conducting Membrane Prepared by Cross-Linking Highly Sulfonated Peek for PEMFC Application

2009

The proton conducting membrane was prepared by cross-linking highly sulfonated and sulfinated poly(etheretherketone) (SsPEEK). The cross-linked membrane is low cost due to its use of non-expensive chemical and simple production procedure. The membrane exhibited high proton conductivity (0.04 S/cm at 60 °C), extremely reduced water uptake, enhanced strength and stability compared with that of non-cross-linked membrane. These results suggested that the cross-linked PEEK membrane is a suitable candidate of proton conducting membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications, particularly promising to be used in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) due to its lower methanol c…

Ethanol production improvement in Zymomonas mobilis by supplementation of fructan-cleaving enzymes on sucrose containing substrates

2010

A Covalently Cross-linked Polyetheretherketone Proton Exchange Membrane for DMFC

2009

The proton exchange membrane was prepared by covalent cross-linking sulfonated-sulfinated polyetheretherketone. The cross-linked membrane showed high proton conductivity (0.04 S/cm) with suitable water uptake, low methanol permeability (2.21 × 10-7 cm2/s) and good electrochemical stability. The results suggested that cross-linked polyetheretherketone membrane is particularly promising to be used as proton exchange membrane for the direct methanol fuel cell application.

The Acceptable Alternative Vehicle Fuel Price

2019

Historically, petroleum fuels have been the dominant fuel used for land transport. However, the growing need for sustainable national economics has urged us to incorporate more economical and ecological alternative vehicle fuels. The advantages and disadvantages of them complicate the decision-making process and compel us to develop adequate mathematical methods. Alternative fuel (compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and ethanol fuel mixtures), the standard prices and their ratios were investigated. A mathematical model to determine a critical ratio between alternative and conventional fuel prices had already been developed. The results of this were investigated. The results sho…