Search results for "Ethic"
showing 10 items of 2395 documents
Speculation and Justification in Policy-Making on Neuroenhancement
2013
Neuroscientific findings allow interventions in the human brain to improve its function or modify mental states even without medical indication. This procedure, termed as neuroenhancement, is subject to a broad ethical debate. As neuroenhancement is an evolving phenomenon, the debate is necessarily future-oriented and highly dependent on information about future developments. It remains an open question to what degree uncertain forecasting or even speculation should be considered in the ethical debate and policy-making. I propose to distinguish between arguments with three different purposes: intuition-forming, self-reflecting and justifying arguments. Adequate standards are required for al…
Introduction to the special issue: Beyond self-fashioning and freedom—bending, breaking, and adhering to rules in religious contexts
2023
Rules are a crucial part of much religious thought and practice. Their importance or insignificance, their strictness or laxness, and their rigidity or flexibility in the face of change are constant themes of debate, both within and outside religious communities. Yet they have arguably not been given the attention they deserve within recent anthropology. Since the rise of practice theory, rules have more often been considered something to look past in the search for agency. Where the new anthropology of ethics has addressed religious orthopraxy, it has largely been through the lens of the cultivation of virtuous self, or the ways in which moral rules may become especially salient in extrao…
Od redaktorów: Dylematy etyczne i ryzyko w badaniach terenowych
2016
We wprowadzeniu autorzy proponują ujęcie kwestii etycznych w kategoriach ryzyka, które towarzyszy prowadzeniu badań terenowych. Spojrzenie na badania od strony ryzyka pomaga po części uporządkować dyskurs o różnych zagrożeniach pojawiających się w toku nawiązywania interakcji badawczych, a także kieruje uwagę na powiązane sprawy identyfikowania i komunikowania ryzyka oraz podejmowania kwestii etycznych. Jedną z najważniejszych cech relacji badawczej, która utrudnia definitywne rozstrzyganie problemów etycznych, jest to, że nawiązywana jest ona w zmieniających się okolicznościach, niepowtarzalnych i zaskakujących sytuacjach, a także wobec zderzenia różnych systemów etycznych, które mogą dzie…
Arvioita arvioinnin etiikasta
2008
Impact of information and in-home sensory exposure on liking and willingness to pay: The beginning of Fairtrade labeled coffee in France.
2015
This study was conducted to assess how the Fairtrade label interacts with the perception of intrinsic product characteristics on liking and purchase decisions and to estimate the evolution of this interaction after exposure to the coffees and/or exposure to ethical information. In a first session, 119 consumers gave liking scores for 2 regular and 2 Fairtrade coffees under a blind tasting condition. Then, they were asked to indicate the maximum price they would pay for each product in 2 auctions taking place under different information conditions. In the first auction, participants saw the packaging but did not taste the coffee; in the second auction, they could both taste the coffee and se…
Simulating Secularities: Challenges and Opportunities in the Computational Science of (Non)Religion
2021
This article provides scholars of nonreligion and secularism with an introduction to some of the major opportunities and challenges associated with the growing application of computational methods to the phenomena they study. It also illustrates these opportunities and challenges by describing several overlapping research projects and some of the models of (non)religion they have produced. Finally, the article addresses some of the significant philosophical issues surrounding the use of computer modeling and simulation, focusing on the ethical and epistemological concerns that these tools often raise. I invite scholars of nonreligion to consider adding these techniques to their methodologic…
Ética de la asistencia primaria a los niños de procedencia internacional
2012
La inmigración se ha convertido en un fenómeno universal. Uno de sus efectos es el incremento de los niños de procedencia internacional en las consultas de pediatría. Se trata de una población doblemente vulnerable, por tratarse de niños y por proceder de contextos culturales extraños a los del país de acogida. Ante esta realidad emergente es imprescindible preguntarse por el tipo de asistencia sanitaria que deben recibir. En el presente artículo se proponen principios éticos de actuación inspirados en las principales normas internacionales sobre bioética y derechos de los niños: principio de vulnerabilidad; principio de respeto y amor, y principio de acceso y atención sanitaria. Finalmente…
La croyance dans le fumoir : “The Portrait of Mr. WH”, l’éthique de la croyance de William Kingdon Clifford et l’assentiment selon John Henry Newman
2023
Wilde’s story “The Portrait of Mr. W.H.” blurs literary genres, asserts the importance of the false and plays with reader expectations. It has generated a substantial exege- sis, perhaps lacking in interest in the multi-faceted debates on belief running through the 1870s-1880s. Wilde takes part in that debate through a text of uncertain status and complex editorial history, contrasting Newmanian assent with W.K. Clifford’s ethics of belief (1877), before asserting the supremacy of desire, thus ruining all assent and epistemically justified belief. To the demanding philosophical-religious theories of Clifford and Newman, Wilde responds with an ambiguous, subversive narrative, intended to com…
Computer Modeling in Philosophy of Religion
2019
AbstractHow might philosophy of religion be impacted by developments in computational modeling and social simulation? After briefly describing some of the content and context biases that have shaped traditional philosophy of religion, this article provides examples of computational models that illustrate the explanatory power of conceptually clear and empirically validated causal architectures informed by the bio-cultural sciences. It also outlines some of the material implications of these developments for broader metaphysical and metaethical discussions in philosophy. Computer modeling and simulation can contribute to the reformation of the philosophy of religion in at least three ways: b…
Dimensions of the Relationship between the Individual and Her Unique Worldview Construction
2021
Each individual constructs his own private worldview using elements from established worldview traditions. The biographical character of this formation makes this the individual’s “Unique Worldview Construction” (UWC). The purpose of this theoretical study is to analyse the dynamic relationship between the individual and her own UWC. It describes more how than what he believes in or denies. The variation is exceedingly complex. To make it accessible, the complexity is crystallized into seven dimensions: (1) The authority structure deals with the individual’s perception of herself as being superordinate/subordinate to her own UWC. (2) The importance dimension analyses the span from indiffere…