Search results for "Evidence"
showing 10 items of 1050 documents
Do teaching innovation projects make a difference? Assessing the impact of small-scale funding
2018
This article presents the outcomes of a research study carried out during 2015–2016 at the University of Valencia (Spain) to understand the factors influencing the impact of small-scale innovation funding on teachers’ practices, the learning culture of the teaching team and the satisfaction of students’ learning. The research used a mixed-method design: a questionnaire examined the factors influencing transfer of innovation; in-depth interviews with project leaders yielded information about the adoption and transfer of funded projects; and a focus group with institutional managers provided suggestions to improve the efficiency of the innovation projects and calls. The results provide qualit…
Interactions of the hormones leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and PYY3-36 with the reproductive system.
2006
Objective To summarize the effects of novel hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and PYY3-36) secreted from adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract that have been discovered to exert different effects on several reproductive functions, such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, embryo development, implantation physiology, and clinically relevant conditions. Design A MEDLINE computer search was performed to identify relevant articles. Result(s) Leptin and ghrelin exert important roles on body weight regulation, eating behavior, and reproduction, acting on the central nervous system and target reproductive organs. As a marker of adequate nutritional stores, these horm…
Obesity, type 2 diabetes and risk of digestive cancer.
2010
The frequency of obesity has been increasing worldwide for 20 years. Many epidemiological studies support a correlation between obesity and increased risk of cancer, particularly digestive cancers in both genders, and gynaecological cancer in women. Currently, about 5% of cancers could be directly related to overweight. Carcinogenesis mechanisms induced by obesity involve insulin resistance, adipokine and angiogenic factor secretions, and inflammation. Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that insulin resistance plays a major role in carcinogenesis. Insulin and non-protein banded IGF-1, whose levels are increased in type 2 diabetes, stimulate cellular growth and inhibit apoptosis. Abn…
Bank-specific shocks and aggregate leverage: Empirical evidence from a panel of developed countries
2020
International audience; This paper investigates the link between shocks in the banking sector and aggregate leverage measured by the credit-to-GDP gap. Using a balanced panel of 15 countries for the period 1989–2016, we exploit the approach due to Gabaix (2011) and consider banking granular shocks as an indicator of banking distress. Using methods that account for potential endogeneity, we find that banking shocks Granger-cause aggregate leverage. In particular, banking shocks tend to increase the level of leverage and cause departures of the credit-to-GDP ratio from its long-term trend.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN TRAVEL BEHAVIOR STUDIES
2016
Qualitative methodology is extensively used in a wide range of scientific areas, such as Sociology and Psychology, and it is been used to study individual and household decision making processes. However, in the Transportation Planning and Engineering domain it is still infrequent to find in the travel behavior literature studies using qualitative techniques to explore activity-travel decisions. The aim of this paper is first, to provide an overview of the types of qualitative techniques available and to explore how to correctly implement them. Secondly, to highlight the special characteristics of qualitative methods that make them appropriate to study activity-travel decision processes. Fa…
The Deadly Quartet (Covid-19, Old Age, Lung Disease, and Heart Failure) Explains Why Coronavirus-Related Mortality in Northern Italy Was So High
2020
Since its outbreak in China at the end of 2019, the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was characterized by both easy spreading and high mortality. The latter proved to be way more elevated in the North of Italy -with a peak of 18.4% in region Lombardia and even 31% in the city of Bergamo and surrounding county- than in the rest of the world. In an attempt to conceptualize the reasons for such a dramatic situation, four key elements have been identified: COVID-19 itself, old age, lung disease, and heart failure. Their harmful combination has been named “The deadly quartet”. The underlying risk factors, among which a lot of them are distinctive features of the population in northern Italy, …
Evidence on the effects of exercise therapy in the treatment of chronic disease
2009
Evidence on the effects of exercise in the treatment of patients with chronic diseases should be based on well designed randomised controlled trials. The most consistent finding of the meta-analyses summarised in the present work is that aerobic/functional capacity and muscle strength can be improved by exercise training among patients with different diseases without having detrimental effects on disease progression. This is important, as with population aging exercise therapy may be an important means of reducing disability and increasing the number of older people living independently. Additionally, there is accumulating evidence that in patients with chronic disease exercise therapy is e…
Reply to the letter to the editor ‘How much evidence isn't in evidence-based guidelines?’ by Johnson et al.
2015
ABSTRACT ESMO produces pan-European, multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed and updatable guidelines with global impact on current clinical practice, with the intention of providing the practising health professional in cancer care with an easy to use, evidence-based tool for optimal patient management. Levels of evidence and strength of recommendation metrics are provided. In the Dyspnoea ESMO CPG, we strove to fulfill these targets, though we accept any productive criticism that will contribute to the improvement of the product.
Fish and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies
2022
Fish represents one of the most important dietary sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are known to be associated with various health benefits. This study aimed to systematically review existing meta-analyses of observational studies exploring the association between fish intake and various health outcomes. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to retrieve a total of 63 studies. Evidence was deemed as possible for the association between higher fish intake and decreased risk of the acute coronary syndrome, liver cancer, and depression, and limited for other outcomes (including age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, heart failure, all-caus…
Efficacy of different methods used for dry socket prevention and risk factor analysis: A systematic review
2017
Background Dry socket is one of the most common complications that develops after the extraction of a permanent tooth, and its prevention is more effective than its treatment. Objectives Analyze the efficacy of different methods used in preventing dry socket in order to decrease its incidence after tooth extraction. Material and Methods A Cochrane and PubMed-MEDLINE database search was conducted with the search terms “dry socket”, “prevention”, “risk factors”, “alveolar osteitis” and “fibrynolitic alveolitis”, both individually and using the Boolean operator “AND”. The inclusion criteria were: clinical studies including at least 30 patients, articles published from 2005 to 2015 and written …