Search results for "Evolution"

Late Paleozoic microfaunas in the pebbles of the Podlipoglav conglomerate, Central Slovenia

2020

Abstract The Paleozoic conglomerate at Podlipoglav in the transitional area between the External and Internal Dinarides of Slovenia contains limestone pebbles that have been examined micropaleontologically. The recovered conodont faunas are marked by the obvious absence of shallow-water taxa. The Lower to Middle Devonian faunas are characterized by relatively abundant polygnathids that are assigned to the Emsian and early Eifelian excavatus-nothoperbonus, laticostatus and costatus Zones. The Pennsylvanian conodont faunas contain relatively deep-water Neolochriea or gondolellids indicating an early Bashkirian and Moscovian age. A presence of the radiolarian species Pseudoalbaillella nodosa s…

Rich fen development in CE Europe, resilience to climate change and human impact over the last ca. 3500 years

2017

Here, for the first time in SE Poland, we document the long-term development of a rich fen and assess its sensitivity to climate change and human impacts over the last ca. 3500 years. Our results are based on a high-resolution, continuous plant macrofossil remains, mollusc and pollen record, complemented by geochemical, mineral magnetic and physical characterisation, and radiocarbon dating from Bagno Serebryskie rich fen located in SE Poland. Based on the palaeoecological data we distinguished five stages of wet habitat conditions: 5000–3300, 2800–2150, 1600–1100, 750–230, 150–10 cal yr BP and five dry periods at ca. 3300–2800, 2150–1600, 1100–750, 230–150, 10 to − 64 cal yr BP. The pollen …

Vegetation dynamics of Kisima Ngeda freshwater spring reflect hydrological changes in northern Tanzania over the past 1200 years: implications for pa…

2021

13 pages; International audience; Kisima Ngeda (KN), a spring on the northern margin of saline Lake Eyasi, Tanzania, sustains an Acacia-Hyphaene palm woodland and Typha swamps, while the surrounding vegetation is semi-desert. To study the vegetation changes associated with this spring, which represents a plausible modern analog for the fossil springs documented in the nearby paleoanthropological and archaeological sites of Olduvai Gorge, we analyzed the pollen content of a 43 cm-long sediment core that documents vegetation changes since the last ~1200 years (from cal yrs. C.E. 841 to 2011). Our results show that (1) Hyphaene palms, which require meso-halophytic soil conditions were most abu…

COMMENT TO LEHRMANN ET AL. NEW SECTIONS AND OBSERVATIONS FROM THE NANPANJIANG BASIN, SOUTH CHINA

2016

In the study of Earth-surface environmental processes during the events associated with the Permian–Triassic boundary, a key issue is the nature of the latest Permian pre-extinction surface in shallow marine limestones in numerous sites, principally within the Tethyan realm. Sediments below this surface pre-date the extinction event, so that the limestones comprising these latest Permian facies contain diverse fossil remains of organisms that lived just before the extinction. At all reported sites, this surface is disconformably overlain by post-extinction sediments, which contain microbialites in many places, particularly in Tethys. The nature of the youngest pre-extinction surface remains…

Evidence of an Early Triassic age (Olenekian) in Argana Basin (High Atlas, Morocco) based on new chirotherioid traces.

2010

8 pages; International audience; New chirotherioid traces (Synaptichnium, Chirotherium, Brachychirotherium, Isochirotherium), are described in the Argana Basin (High Atlas of Morocco). Seeing that these ichnotaxa are frequent in the Triassic, their occurrence in outcrops formerly mapped as Permian (T2 Member) has required detailed sedimentological and paleontological studies of the fossiliferous site. These studies clearly show that the ichnite-bearing strata belong actually to the T3 Member of the “regional Triassic”, i.e. lower member of the Timezgadiwine Formation, the age of which was, in fact, unknown up to now. The description of these ichnospecies and their statistical comparison wit…

Les Ammonoïdes (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) : avancées et contributions récentes à la paléobiologie évolutive.

2009

12 pages; Les ammonoïdes qui perdurent 335 Ma constituent un modèle de choix dans l'analyse du fait évolutif. Cet article de synthèse se propose d'aborder (1) : leur place phylogénétique au sein des céphalopodes et le choix d'un modèle actuel de référence ; (2) : la construction d'espaces phénotypiques qui offrent un angle d'étude pertinent de l'évolution biologique ; (3) : les concordances et discordances entre reconstruction phylogénétique et registre fossile et (4) : les reconquêtes postcrises, modèles d'étude de l'évolution à grande échelle. Il ressort que les ammonoïdes peuvent servir d'appui à de nombreuses thématiques paléontologiques (dynamique de la biodiversité, analyse phylogénét…

Amphibians and reptiles as palaeonvironmental proxies during the Late Pleistocene (MIS3): The case of Stratigraphic Unit V of El Salt, Alcoi, Spain

2021

The locality of El Salt (Alcoi, Spain) is a key site for understanding the extirpation of Neanderthals in the eastern part of Iberia. In this paper, we analyse an assemblage of amphibians and reptiles from Stratigraphic Unit V (45.2 ± 3.4 ka to 44.7 ± 3.4 ka), which corresponds to one of the last regional records of Neanderthals, to improve knowledge of the palaeoecology and palaeoclimate of this event. The assemblage comprises three anurans (Pelodytes sp., Alytes obstetricans, and Epidalea calamita), two lizards (Lacertidae indet. and Chalcides bedriagai), and five snakes (Colubridae indet., Coronella sp., Coronella sp./Zamenis sp., Natrix maura, and Vipera latastei). Palaeoclimatic recons…

Using growth and geochemical composition of Clathromorphum compactum to track multiscale North Atlantic hydro-climate variability

2020

International audience; Records of ocean/atmosphere dynamics over the past centuries are essential to understand processes driving climate variability. This is particularly true for the Northwest Atlantic which is a key region with an essential role in global climate regulation. Over the past two decades, coralline red algae have been increasingly used as environmental and climatic archives for the marine realm and hold the potential to extend long-term instrumental measurements. Here, we investigate the possibility to extract climate and environmental information from annual growth patterns and geochemical composition of the coralline red algae, Clathromorphum compactum, from Saint-Pierre …

Iberian Neolithic Networks: The Rise and Fall of the Cardial World

2017

Recent approaches have described the evolutionary dynamics of the first Neolithic societies as a cycle of rise and fall. Several authors, using mainly c14 dates as a demographic proxy, identified a general pattern of a boom in population coincident with the arrival of food production economies followed by a rapid decline some centuries afterwards in multiple European regions. Concerning Iberia, we also noted that this phenomenon correlates with an initial development of archaeological entities (i.e., ‘cultures’) over large areas (e.g. the Impresso-Cardial in West Mediterranean), followed by a phase of ‘cultural fragmentation’ by the end of Early Neolithic. These results in a picture of high…

2020

Skeletal remains in archaeological strata are often assumed to be of similar ages. Here we show that combined Sr and O isotope analyses can serve as a powerful tool for assessing fish provenance and even for identifying fossil fish teeth in archaeological contexts. For this purpose, we established a reference Sr and O isotope dataset of extant fish teeth from major water bodies in the Southern Levant. Fossil shark teeth were identified within Iron Age cultural layers dating to 8–9th century BCE in the City of David, Jerusalem, although the reason for their presence remains unclear. Their enameloid 87Sr/86Sr and δ18OPO4 values [0.7075 ± 0.0001 (1 SD, n = 7) and 19.6 ± 0.9‰ (1 SD, n = 6), res…