Search results for "Exam"

Two types of neuronal muscarine receptors modulating acetylcholine release from guinea-pig myenteric plexus

1985

Longitudinal muscle strips of the guinea-pig ileum were incubated with [3H]choline and the effects of muscarinic agonists on smooth muscle contraction and on spontaneous and electrically-evoked outflow of tritium were studied. Muscarine and pilocarpine concentration-dependently increased both muscle contraction and spontaneous outflow of [3H]ACh, and inhibited the electrically-evoked outflow of [3H]ACh. The increase in spontaneous outflow was prevented by tetrodotoxin and scopolamine, but not by hexamethonium. Oxotremorine (1-100 microM) did not increase the spontaneous outflow of tritium. Pirenzepine in concentrations of 10 and 100 nM hardly affected the muscle contractions induced by pilo…

Release of [3H]acetylcholine from the isolated rat or guinea-pig trachea evoked by preganglionic nerve stimulation; a comparison with transmural stim…

1991

Basal and stimulated outflow of radioactive acetylcholine, phosphorylcholine and choline from rat and guinea-pig isolated tracheae were measured by reverse phase HPLC followed by liquid-scintillation-spectrometry. Tracheae were stimulated either by an electrical field (transmural stimulation) or by a local stimulation of the innervating parasympathetic nerves (preganglionic stimulation). Epithelium was removed in most experiments, as the epithelium inhibits acetylcholine release. The basal tritium efflux (1,600 dpm/3min) from rat isolated tracheae incubated with [3H]choline consisted of 56% [3H]phosphorylcholine and 38% [3H]choline. Preganglionic stimulation (15 Hz, 1,200 pulses) caused a 2…

Dexamethasone prevents hearing loss by restoring glucocorticoid receptor expression in the guinea pig cochlea

2015

Objectives/Hypothesis Dexamethasone is widely used in the treatment of various inner ear diseases. However, knowledge about its direct impact on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression is still limited. Study Design Prospective animal study in male guinea pigs. Methods A therapeutic concentration of dexamethasone (8mg/mL) or a physiological concentration of NaCl (0.9% solution) were intratympanically injected into the ears of guinea pigs (n = 10 in each case) 14 hours prior to 90 dB noise exposure (1 hour). Eighteen ears were exposed to noise only. Seven untreated ears were used as controls. Auditory brainstem responses were recorded prior to noise exposure or treatment and 2 hours thereaft…

Dimensional Classification as an Instrument for Biological Research in Endogenous Depression

1986

Biological psychiatry needs highly reliable classifications capable of supplying research with homogeneous groups of patients. Operational diagnoses (OPD abbreviated) have been introduced to serve this aim. At present, research in endogenous depression can choose among more than ten different operational diagnoses, all purporting to be valid for diagnosing endogenous depression. Eight of these operational diagnoses are listed in Table 1.

Tocilizumab therapy for unresponsive pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with Takayasu arteritis

2016

A 46-year-old female Caucasian patient was referred to our unit with upper extremity claudication, dyspnoea [New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III], and weight loss. On physical examination, ...

Zur Wirkung von Angiotensin II auf die Nebennierenrinde bei Blockade der 11-β-Hydroxylierung

1964

Tierexperimentell wird der von uns beobachtete Bremseffekt des Angiotensin II auf die unter Metopiron erhohte ACTH-Ausschuttung der Hypophyse untersucht.

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition improves corticosteroid insensitivity in pulmonary endothelial cells under oxidative stress.

2012

Several clinical studies have shown that smoking in asthmatics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is closely associated with corticosteroid refractoriness. In this work, we have analyzed glucocorticoid insensitivity in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) under cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure as well as the possible additive effects of the combination therapy with a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitor. Interleukin (IL)-8 was measured in cell supernatants by ELISA. Histone deacetylase (HDAC), histone acetylase (HAT), and intracellular cAMP levels were measured by colorimetric assays and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. PDE4 isotypes and glucocorticoid rec…

Computed tomography of bowel obstruction: Tricks of the trade

2015

Bowel obstruction (BO) is a frequent cause of hospitalization and surgical consultation for acute abdominal pain. It is usually suspected at physical examination, but clinical and laboratory data are often nonspecific. Thus, computed tomography plays a crucial role in a correct diagnosis of BO. Indeed, computed tomography can confirm a diagnosis of BO, and identify the location and cause of the obstruction. In this review, the computed tomography appearances of common and uncommon causes of BO and pseudo-obstruction are reviewed.

2015

Purpose This paper describes the study design, methodology, cohort profile and self-reported diseases in the ophthalmological branch of the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). Methods The GHS is an ongoing, prospective, interdisciplinary, single-center, population-based cohort study in Germany. The main goals of the ophthalmological section are to assess the prevalence and incidence of ocular diseases and to explore risk factors, genetic determinants and associations with systemic diseases and conditions. The eye examination at baseline included a medical history, self-reported eye diseases, visual acuity, refractive errors, intraocular pressure, visual field, pachymetry, keratometry, fundus phot…

Iodide Mumps After Intravenous and Oral Administration of Contrast Medium

1996

A 70-year-old woman with a history of radical cystectomy and continent urinary diversion with a Mainz pouch I due to muscle invasive bladder carcinoma presented for a routine evaluation. Physical examination, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray and routine laboratory values showed no pathological findings. There was no history of salivary gland disease. Excretory urography was performed with 100 ml. nonionic contrast medium (iopromide) injected intravenously. Painless bilateral swelling of the submandibular glands developed 16 hours later without any dysphagia, dyspnea or other allergic reactions (see figure). After systemic treatment with an antihistamine and prednisolone the swelling resolved …