Search results for "Exchange"
showing 10 items of 2035 documents
Cardiorespiratory Changes During Prolonged Downhill Versus Uphill Treadmill Exercise
2020
AbstractOxygen uptake (V̇O2), heart rate (HR), energy cost (EC) and oxygen pulse are lower during downhill compared to level or uphill locomotion. However, a change in oxygen pulse and EC during prolonged grade exercise is not well documented. This study investigated changes in cardiorespiratory responses and EC during 45-min grade exercises. Nine male healthy volunteers randomly ran at 75% HR reserve during 45-min exercise in a level (+1%), uphill (+15%) or downhill (−15%) condition. V̇O2 , minute ventilation (V̇E ) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) were recorded continuously with 5-min averaging between the 10th and 15th min (T1) and 40th and 45th min (T2). For a similar HR (157±3 bpm…
High cotinine levels are persistent during the first days of life in newborn second hand smokers.
2013
a b s t r a c t Background: Despite the adverse effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the newborn's health are well-known, in the pediatric population, a high prevalence exists that is very much affected by second hand smoke (SHS). This study aims to investigate the impact of maternal smoking habits during preg- nancy on cotinine levels in newborns during the first days of life. The high association between cotinine concentration in maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been previously reported, but the levels of blood cotinine that remain in infants born to smokers is unknown. Methods: Cotinine concentration was measured in UCB, in maternal and newborn peripheral blood. Dat…
Impaired Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity in Patients With Hyperthyroidism
1996
Hyperthyroidism (H) has been implicated as a primary cause of decreased exercise tolerance. To our knowledge, analysis of respiratory gas exchange, an efficient noninvasive method in evaluating cardiopulmonary capacity, has not been performed in patients with H.Using cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 12 consecutive women with Graves' H were examined and controlled in euthyroidism (E). Eighteen women with E, in whom cardiac catheterization had ruled out heart disease, served as control subjects (C).The ventilatory anaerobic threshold was determined by means of the V-slope method. Ergometry was performed with patients in a semisupine position using a continuous ramp protocol of 20 W/min. Echo…
Efficacy and side effects of intravenous remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia used in a stepwise approach for labour: an observational study
2012
Remifentanil has a suitable pharmacological profile for labour analgesia. In this prospective, observational study, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with remifentanil, using stepwise bolus doses without background infusion, was examined during the first and second stages of labour. Outcomes were pain reduction, maternal satisfaction, maternal and neonatal side effects and remifentanil metabolism in the neonate.Parturients with normal term singleton pregnancies were recruited. The initial remifentanil bolus dose was 0.15 μg/kg, increasing in steps of 0.15 μg/kg, with a 2-min lock-out. Pain scores using a 100 mm visual analogue scale, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respirator…
Influence of nifedipine on the metabolism of gingival fibroblasts.
1994
Calcium antagonists are the gold standard in the therapy of coronary heart disease and hypertension. The prototype of these drugs is nifedipine which, as well as its therapeutic effects on the cells of the cardiovascular system, also has unpleasant side effects on other organ systems. One side effect can be a missive hyperplasia of the gingiva, the reason for which are unclear. In vitro experiments were designed to elucidate the influence of nifedipine on the growth of human gingival fibroblasts in short and long term (72 hours, 6 weeks) cell culture. The following cellular parameters were determined quantitatively: cell proliferation (cell count, [3H]thymidine incorporation), protein synth…
Carbohydrate ingestion does not influence the change in energy cost during a 2-h run in well-trained triathletes
1999
The aim of this study was to examine whether the increase in the energy cost of running (C(r)), previously reported to occur at the end of a prolonged run, could be influenced by the ingestion of either an artificially sweetened placebo (Pl) or a 5.5% carbohydrate (CHO) solution. Ten well-trained triathletes completed three testing sessions within a 3-week period. The aim of the first session was to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)(max)) and the velocity associated with ventilatory threshold (nu(VT)). The second and the third sessions were composed of two submaximal treadmill runs (20 min long, 0% grade, performed at nu(VT)), before and after an 80-min overground run, also conducted a…
Chromosomal aberrations in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
1990
Chromosomal aberrations in untreated lymphocyte cultures, bleomycin (BLM)-induced aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 11 patients suffering from primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 14 matched control individuals were analysed. The lymphocytes of the PBC patients had on average a lower mitotic index (2.3) compared with controls (3.5) in the untreated cultures. The mean baseline rate of aberrations of the cultured lymphocytes of the patients was 5.3 aberrations per 100 metaphases (%); this was significantly different (P = 0.0291) from that of the controls with a mean of 2.3%. In lymphocytes of the patients and controls, most of the aberratio…
Mechanical efficiency in athletes during running.
2007
The purpose of this study was to compare the external mechanical efficiency (ME) between power-trained athletes (n = 5) and endurance-trained athletes (n = 5). The relationships between biomechanical variables and metabolic cost were also investigated. The subjects ran at 3 different speeds (2.50 m.s-1, 3.25 m.s-1 and 4.00 m.s-1) both on the treadmill and on the track. The external work of the subjects was determined by a kinematic arm, and energy expenditure was determined by measuring oxygen consumption and respiratory exchange ratio. Biomechanical parameters included ground reaction forces, angular displacements of the knee and ankle joints and electromyography (EMG) of the selected musc…
Use of Information from Clinical Trials for an Integrated Cancer Registry
1990
AbstractThe registry of childhood malignancies in the F.R.G. is a combination of a population-based and hospital-based cancer registry. A large amount of the collected data originates from multicenter clinical trials which are integrated into the documentation system of the cancer registry. The paper describes the information flow and the system of data storage which consists of a central database on a departmental system at the registry and of several coordinated peripheral databases on microcomputers at the trial centers. Practical experience shows an increased availability and validity of the data in the registry since the implementation of the system. Aspects of data integrity and secur…