Search results for "Exchange"
showing 10 items of 2035 documents
Parliamentary Actors as Politicians
2018
The chapter discusses the horizon of chances of elected parliamentarians as politicians. Parliamentary representation is based on the freedom from dependence with its four classical faces: free speech, free mandate, freedom from arrest as well as free and fair elections. Special attention is given to the dualism between the partisan commitment as the basis of electing members and the freedom from dependence as the basic of parliamentary operations of members. The professionalisation of parliamentarians provides a condition to master the rules of procedure and rhetoric of debate in order to control government and bureaucracy.
Digital Platforms for Restructuring the Public Sector
2018
Many technological innovations have led to the emergence of the platform economy in recent years. This development is changing the entire landscape of business in the era of digitalisation. However, the impacts of the platform economy on public services and government are not well known. In this article we study the potential for the digital platform economy to help restructure the public sector. Firstly, central features of the new platform technology are explored, pointing to an algorithmic revolution, big data and cloud computing. Platforms are used in coordinating market transactions in an extremely efficient way. In order to apply the platform concept to the public sector, an experimen…
Journalist–source relations and the deliberative system: A network performance approach to investigating journalism’s contribution to facilitating pu…
2018
Journalist–source relationships and interactions are interpreted in this study as crucial mechanisms for linking different arenas in a deliberative system. To unravel these source networks, 106 semi-standardized interviews with journalists as well as public relations (PR) professionals from government delegations and non-governmental organizations were conducted on-site three United Nations (UN) climate change conferences between 2010 and 2013, and an online survey was administered during the conference in 2015. The analysis shows that most journalists maintain close relationships with their home country delegation. However, journalists experienced in climate conference coverage also maint…
Structuring Governments’ Success Factors in Social Media
2019
With the advent of social media, not only individuals and companies but also government institutions have started using these new ways of communication. Social media have raised hopes in serving as the Holy Grail to boosting the relationship between government and citizens. This has been attended by numerous recommendations from both practice and research regarding how governments should successfully leverage their social media activities. However, results show that success stories of governments using social media are still scarce. Therefore, it is crucial to critically evaluate success factors and to provide structured guidelines for governments’ behaviour on social media. In this paper, …
The Application of the IPSAS in Spain
2021
Governmental accounting was adapted to IPSAS in Spain in 2010, following the reform in the business accounting system to adapt it to IFRS. However, the budget maintains the modified cash criteria and there is an integrated system that includes financial and budgeting accounting. This chapter analyses the normative process and the main challenges and benefits that the new system has had at the three levels of government: central, regional, and local. In order to understand the experience of practitioners, a survey for accountants and financial directors has been carried out at each government level. The results show that budgetary reporting is considered still more useful than accrual financ…
Do Eurosceptic Parties Influence Their Party Systems?
2021
This book is written around—and anchored in—the Radical Party Hypothesis, which states that the success of Eurosceptic parties leads to changes of policy position/preferences by the other parties. In order to test it, it seeks to analyse whether the position changes of centrist parties on the issue of European Integration correlate with the electoral success of Eurosceptic Parties in those aforementioned parties’ countries, when controlling for a variety of factors, such as public opinion/sentiment on EU integration, socio-economic factors, time, as well as characteristics of those parties whose position changes this study measures: their size, their ideological orientation, their electoral…
Estimating the Effect of Common Currencies on Trade: Blooming or Withering Roses?
2013
Abstract Using a gravity model and data on 182 countries worldwide, this paper estimates the effects of exchange rate volatility and currency unions on international trade for ten years spanning 1980 through 2010. We provide added confirmation and further strengthen the empirical findings in Rose (2000) prior to 1999, but we find a gradually diminishing Rose effect for the 2000-2010 period, when the Euro Zone is added to the currency union dummy. The rest of the coefficients generally comply in magnitude and sign with what is standard in the “gravity” literature. Our findings support a much stronger effect of a currency union on trade than the hypothetical effect of reducing exchange rate v…
Landfill gas upgrading with countercurrent water wash.
2006
A pilot-scale countercurrent absorption process for upgrading landfill gas to produce vehicle fuel was studied using absorption and desorption units and water as absorbent. The height-to-diameter ratio of the absorption column used was 3:1 instead of the more conventionally used 20:1 ratio, and a higher pressure was used along with a lower water flow rate. The effects of pressure (10-30 bar) and water and gas flow-ratios on the upgrading process were studied. Methane content in the product gas increased to near or above 90% with both gas flows (50 and 100 l/min) used at over 20 bar pressure with 10 l/min water flow and at 30 bar pressure with 5l/min water flow. Carbon dioxide content with t…
Road project opportunity costs subject to a regional constraint on greenhouse gas emissions
2012
Abstract France has constrained the Aquitaine region to set up a climate plan to avoid an emission of 2883 ktCO 2 eq for the period 2007–2013. In parallel, the region has decided to carry out the construction of road infrastructures in order to avoid very high congestion costs. Those road projects will involve an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during that period. In the present context of strong sustainability, all emissions (direct and indirect) generated by those projects should be offset. At the regional level, the offsetting of GHG emissions is usually carried out by implementing carbon sequestration projects or projects that reduce energy demand. This paper aims at determin…
Extraction of thermal characteristics of surrounding geological layers of a geothermal heat exchanger by 3D numerical simulations
2016
Ground thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance are key parameters for the design of closed Ground-Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems. The standard method to determine these parameters is the Thermal Response Test (TRT). This test analyses the ground thermal response to a constant heat power injection or extraction by measuring inlet and outlet temperatures of the fluid at the top of the borehole heat exchanger. These data are commonly evaluated by models considering the ground being homogeneous and isotropic. This approach estimates an effective ground thermal conductivity representing an average of the thermal conductivity of the different layers crossed by perforation. In order …