Search results for "Executive functions"
showing 10 items of 182 documents
Analogical reasoning and its development : role of executive functions and the goal of the task
2013
This manuscript develops an issue related to the involvement of goal management capabilities and executive functions in this type of reasoning and its development. The first three experiments examine this issue in two tasks of analogical reasoning, the scene analogy task and the A:B::C:? task, through the study of visual strategies used by adults, and children aged 6-to-7. The results show differences in visual patterns related to goals, and to the inhibition of irrelevant information for the solution of the problems, between the different tasks, and between children and adults. The following two experiments study the visual strategies, always in relation to executive functioning and goal m…
Explaining children’s failure in analogy making tasks: A problem of focus of attention?
2012
International audience; Analogical reasoning is commonly recognized as essential to human cognition, but young children often perform poorly in the classical A:B::C:? analogical reasoning task. Previous eye-tracking results have shown that children did not visually explore the A:B pair as much as adults in this task. We hypothesized that this lack of exploration could help account for the low scores of children in comparison to adults. The present study shows that children’ performance improves significantly if they are required to look at and process the A:B pair before they are shown the full A:B::C:? problem. This confirms our hypothesis that the A:B pair is insufficiently processed by c…
Participant characteristics associated with the effects of a physical and cognitive training program on executive functions
2022
Background: Physical and cognitive interventions have been shown to induce positive effects on older adults’ executive functioning. However, since participants with different background characteristics may respond differently to such interventions, we investigated whether training effects on executive functions were associated with sex, training compliance, and age. We also investigated if change in global cognition was associated with physical and cognitive training intervention-induced changes in executive functions. Methods: Exploratory data from a randomized controlled trial were analyzed. Participants were 70–85-year-old men and women who received a 12-month physical (PT) or physical a…
A single bout of physical exercise does not affect young adults’ executive functions
2020
Summary Study aim. The purpose of the current study is to determine the impact of single bouts of physical exercise of different duration and intensity on young adults’ executive functions. Material and methods. The study employed 81 participants (37 females, 44 males) ranging between 19 and 39 years (mean age: 24.6 ± 4.08 years; mean height: 168 ± 9.67 cm; mean weight: 67.2 ± 13.0 kg). The executive functions were assessed through the Stroop task, the Tower of London test, and the Corsi block test. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions (30-second Wingate test condition, an incremental intensity exercise test, and a submaximal constant-intensity tes…
Dažādības pedagoģiskie risinājumi saistībā ar autisma spektra traucējumiem bilingvālajā vidē: gadījuma analīze
2017
Maģistra darbs koncentrējas uz dažādu attīstības un lingvistisko īpatnību jautājumu iekļaujošās izglītības vidē. Pētījums fokusēts uz 14 gadus veca zēna, kuram kā diagnoze noteikti autiskā spektra traucējumi (Aspergera sindroms) un kurš ir audzis un ticis izglītots bilingvālā vidē. Galvenais mērķis bija izpētīt bilingvālisma un Aspergera sindroma kognitīvos un uzvedības aspektus pamatfunkciju izpildē. Pētījumā izmantota paralēlā jauktā metode – trīs dažādi standartizēti testi papildus trim daļēji strukturētām intervijām. Pētījuma mērķis bija parādīt bilingvālās vides ietekmi uz kognitīvajām funkcijām un sociālo uzvedību bērnam ar Autiskā spektra traucējumiem (konkrētāk, Aspergera sindromu) …
Semantic inhibition and dementia severity in Alzheimer’s disease
2019
Semantic inhibition is often found to be impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The sentence completion task (Hayling test) was used to investigate whether it would be useful for differentiating mild AD from moderate AD. Method: Latency responses and error scores in the automatic and inhibition parts of the test were registered in these two groups of patients and in a group of healthy older participants. The types of errors were also analysed. Group differences were analysed by ANOVA. In addition, relationships with other neuropsychological tests were reported. Results: Participants with moderate AD performed worse than controls in both the automatic and inhibition sections, whereas particip…
KIELELLINEN ERITYISVAIKEUS – EI PELKÄSTÄÄN KIELELLISTEN TAITOJEN ONGELMA
2016
Kielellisen erityisvaikeuden ajatellaan olevan ensisijaisesti kielellisten taitojen ongelma. On kuitenkin todennäköistä, että kielelliseen erityisvaikeuteen liittyy myös ei-kielellisiä vaikeuksia. Tämän artikkelin tavoitteena on luoda katsaus eksekutiivisiin toimintoihin ja prosessointinopeuteen osana kielellistä erityisvaikeutta. Tutkimusten perusteella näyttää siltä, että kielelliseen erityisvaikeuteen liittyy kognitiiviseen joustavuuteen, inhibitioon, työmuistiin, tarkkaavuuteen sekä prosessointinopeuteen liittyviä vaikeuksia ainakin osalla kielihäiriöistä lapsista. Kielellisen erityisvaikeuden kliinisessä diagnostiikassa ja kuntoutuksessa on syytä huomioida myös ei-kielelliset vaikeudet…
Relaciones entre Funciones ejecutivas y calidad de vida de jóvenes con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH).
2015
ResumenAntecedentes y objetivos. Pocos estudios han analizado la contribución del funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE) a la calidad de vida (CAV) en sujetos con TDAH. Objetivos del trabajo: (1) Explorar las diferencias entre adultos con y sin TDAH en calidad de vida (2) Comparar la calidad de vida entre adultos TDAH con y sin dificultades en funcionamiento ejecutivo (3) Analizar la influencia de los problemas en Funciones ejecutivasven la calidad de vida de adultos con TDAH. Métodología. 36 jóvenes con TDAH y 27 sin el trastorno cumplimentaron cuestionarios sobre calidad de vida y funcionamiento ejecutivo Resultados. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre jóvenes TDAH con y…
Toiminnanohjauksen ja tarkkaavaisuuden ryhmäkuntoutuskokeilu 7 - 8-vuotiailla koululaisilla
1997
Automatic auditory and somatosensory brain responses in relation to cognitive abilities and physical fitness in older adults
2017
AbstractIn normal ageing, structural and functional changes in the brain lead to an altered processing of sensory stimuli and to changes in cognitive functions. The link between changes in sensory processing and cognition is not well understood, but physical fitness is suggested to be beneficial for both. We recorded event-related potentials to somatosensory and auditory stimuli in a passive change detection paradigm from 81 older and 38 young women and investigated their associations with cognitive performance. In older adults also associations to physical fitness were studied. The somatosensory mismatch response was attenuated in older adults and it associated with executive functions. So…